西安地区大型商场冬季室内热环境与热舒适研究
摘要：以现场测试和问卷调查相结合的方式，调研了西安8栋大型商场冬季室内热环境和人员热舒适状况。结果显示：商场热环境存在温度偏高和空气流速偏小的现象；商场冬季的中性温度为17.4℃,80%热可接受温度范围为16.4～23.2℃;商场人群的主观评价与性别、是否是服务员及所在楼层等因素相关；女性可接受温度上限高于男性；由于服务员服装热阻较小且活动范围受限，热感觉比顾客更低；楼层越高，温度越高，热可接受度越低。
关键词：大型商场热环境热舒适热感觉热偏好气流偏好西安现场调研
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[30] 王健.座舱环境下热舒适性别差异的实验研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2014:29-48.
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[2] KWONG Q J,ADAM N M,SAHARI B B.Thermal comfort assessment and potential for energy efficiency enhancement in modern tropical buildings:a review[J].Energy and buildings,2014,68:547-557.
[3] OZEL M.Effect of indoor design temperature on the heating and cooling transmission loads[J].Journal of building engineering,2016,2 (7):46-52.
[4] 清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2020[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2020:10-20.
[5] ASHRAE.Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy:ASHRAE standard 55-2013[S].Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,2013:41-43.
[6] ISO.Ergonomics of the thermal environment:analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria:ISO 7730:2005[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2005:8-10.
[7] 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所，复旦大学，清华大学，等.室内空气质量标准：GB/T 18883—2022[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2022:2-5.
[8] 中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范：GB 50736—2012[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2012:6-7.
[9] 党睿，闫紫薇，王立雄，等.北京地区大型商业综合体夏季热舒适研究[J].建筑节能，2018,46 (6):18-21.
[10] 党睿，闫紫薇，刘魁星，等.寒冷地区大型商业综合体冬季室内热舒适评价模型研究[J].建筑科学，2017,33 (12):16-21.
[11] CHUN C Y,TAMURA A.Thermal environment and human responses in underground shopping malls vs department stores in Japan[J].Building and environment,1998,33(2):151-158.
[12] 张培红，牛润萍，陈其针，等.沈阳市商场冬季热舒适的实测调查研究[J].沈阳建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2004,20(3):220-223.
[13] 刘璐，童力，王海英，等.青岛市某大型商场内不同人群热舒适研究[J].青岛理工大学学报，2019,40(4):84-90.
[14] 闫军威，朱槟，周旋.夏热冬暖地区夏季商场两类人群热舒适性研究[J].建筑节能，2018,46(3):84-88.
[15] NEMATCHOUA M K,RICCIARDI P,REITER S,et al.Thermal comfort and comparison of some parameters coming from hospitals and shopping centers under natural ventilation:the case of Madagascar Island[J].Journal of building engineering,2017,13:196-206.
[16] HE Y,LI N,PENG J,et al.Field study on adaptive comfort in air-conditioned dormitories of university with hot-humid climate in summer[J].Energy and buildings,2016,119:1-12.
[17] YANG Y,LI B,LIU H,et al.A study of adaptive thermal comfort in a well-controlled climate chamber[J].Applied thermal engineering,2015,76:283-291.
[18] ISO.Ergonomics of the thermal environment:instruments for measuring physical quantities:ISO 7726:1998[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,1998:11-12.
[19] FANGER P O.Thermal comfort[M].New York:McGram-Hill,1972:168-195.
[20] 徐诚，翟永超，周翔，等.长沙地区某集中空调办公建筑热舒适现场研究[J].暖通空调，2019,49(3):121-128.
[21] 王雪，翟永超，徐沁韵，等.西安高校教室秋季热舒适调查研究[J].工业建筑，2018,48(5):95-101.
[22] 郑武幸，杨柳，宋晓吉，等.寒冷地区人体自适应水平的气候季节性变化[J].暖通空调，2015,45(11):80-85.
[23] 庞春美，翟永超，杨柳，等.北海地区农村居民人体热舒适研究[J].暖通空调，2018,48(4):83-88.
[24] 李梦.寒冷地区商业建筑室内热环境与热舒适研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学，2019:10-59.
[25] 郑庆红，李秋实，杨瑞，等.西安某商场冬季室内热分层与空调热负荷研究[J].暖通空调，2018,48(5):100-102.
[26] 李利文，闫军威，周璇，等.夏热冬暖地区商场冬季室内热舒适研究[J].暖通空调，2015,45(6):76-81.
[27] SIMONE A,CROCIATA S D,MARTELLOTTA F.The influence of clothing distribution and local discomfort on the assessment of global thermal comfort[J].Building and environment,2013,59:644-653.
[28] FATO I,MARTELLOTTA F,CHIANCARELLA C.Thermal comfort in the climatic conditions of southern Italy[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE transactions 2004:part 2.Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,2004:578-593.
[29] WANG Z J.A field study of the thermal comfort in residential buildings in Harbin[J].Building and environment,2006,41(8):1034-1039.
[30] 王健.座舱环境下热舒适性别差异的实验研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2014:29-48.
[31] PARKINSON T,DE DEAR R.Thermal pleasure in built environments:physiology of alliesthesia[J].Building research and information,2015,43(3):37-41.
Field study on indoor thermal environment and thermal comfort in large shopping malls in Xi’an in winter
Abstract: In this study, a combination of field tests and questionnaires are used to obtain the thermal environment parameters and personnel thermal comfort in eight large shopping malls in Xi'an in winter. The results show that the shopping malls are warmer and the wind speed is low. The neutral temperature of the shopping malls in winter is 17.4 ℃. The 80% thermally acceptable temperature range in winter is 16.4 to 23.2 ℃. The subjective evaluations of subjects in the shopping malls are related to the factors such as gender, whether they are waiters, and their floor. The upper limit of acceptable temperature is higher for women than that for men. The thermal sensation of the waiters is lower than that of the customers because of the lower thermal resistance of waiter clothing and the restricted range of motion. The higher the floor, the higher the temperature, and the lower the thermal acceptability.
Keywords: large shopping mall; thermal environment; thermal comfort; thermal sensation; thermal preference; airflow preference; Xi'an; field study;
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