机械加工车间机床油雾逸散特征及其捕集控制效果
摘要：以8个典型机械加工车间为研究对象，结合生产工艺，分析了其油雾散发特征及控制手段。对车间内油雾浓度进行了连续实测，分析了岗位呼吸区域油雾浓度与生产工艺的关系，并调研了车间通风手段与净化器的油雾控制效果。结果表明：在生产期间，通风对5.0～10.0μm粒径的油雾颗粒去除效果显著，各粒径段的油雾颗粒数量随通风换气次数的变化不明显；位于机床上方的局部排风仍不能保证岗位呼吸区的油雾浓度低于美国国家职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH)的推荐值；油雾排放源头控制至关重要，净化器能够起到显著效果，但同时也提高了对通风系统的运维管理及成本要求。在对实测数据进行分析时发现，通过密闭机床操作门缝隙向外逸散的油雾不容忽视，其逸散率与机床内外压差及由此形成的缝隙流速是否大于颗粒外溢速度有直接关系，值得深入探讨。
关键词：机械加工车间油雾浓度通风净化生产工艺
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[3] ZHANG J,SHAO Y,LONG Z W.Physicochemical characterization of oily particles emitted from different machining processes[J].Journal of aerosol science,2016,96(6):1-13.
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[5] 王忠玲.微乳化油概述[J].山东化工，2003,32(4):22-26.
[6] 冯明星，潘人伦，宋国华.金属加工油(液)的发展[J].石油商技，1998,16(2):55-59.
[7] 魏传良.拓展我国金属加工液市场之探讨[J].石油商技，2011,29(6):70-74.
[8] 吴文莉，常树端，余杰，等.浅议金属加工油的发展[J].石油与天然气化工，2000,29(6):304-305.
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[10] 杨兰，曾诗琪，熊星，等.水基金属加工液中微生物多样性研究[J].华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2022,48(2):1-8.
[11] TRAFNY E A,LEWANDOWSKI R,KOZOWSKA K,et al.Microbial contamination and biofilms on machines of metal industry using metalworking fluids with or without biocides[J].International biodeterioration & biodegradation,2015,99(3):31-38.
[12] 李庆宏，陈景浩，申媛媛，等.切削液中类产碱假单胞菌对铝合金腐蚀行为的影响[J].表面技术，2021,50(5):269-280.
[13] 李庆宏，杨懿，吴泽奇，等.切削液的微生物劣化对碳钢耐腐蚀行为的影响[J].润滑与密封，2020,45(10):14-21.
[14] STEFFEN S,RICHARD B,ANNA R,et al.Contact sensitization in metalworkers:data from the information network of departments of dermatology (IVDK),2010-2018[J].Contact dermatitis,2020,83:487-496.
[15] TUSTIN A W,COONEY R,LAMSON G E,et al.A cluster of hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with exposure to metalworking fluids[J].American journal industrial medicine,2021,64(11):915-923.
[16] CHEN R,SHI X F,BAI R,et al.Airborne nanoparticle pollution in a wire electrical discharge machining workshop and potential health risks[J].Aerosol and air quality research,2015,15(1):284-294.
[17] COSTELLO S,CHEN K.Sally picciotto metalworking fluids and cancer mortality in a US autoworker cohort (1941-2015)[J].Scandinavian journal of work,environment & health,2020,46(5):525-532.
[18] 刘振宇，周俊，吴慧英，等.速度滑移条件下气体-微颗粒两相流动数值模拟研究[J].热科学与技术，2019,18(5):367-372.
Emission characteristics of oil mist and its capture control effect of machine tools in machining workshops
Abstract: This paper taking eight typical machining workshops as research objects, combining with the production processes, analyses the oil mist emission characteristics and control means. The oil mist concentration in the workshop is continuously measured, the relationship between the oil mist concentration in the breathing area of the post and the production process is analysed, and the oil mist control effect of the ventilation means and purifiers in the workshop is investigated. The results show that during production, ventilation has a significant effect on the removal of oil mist particles with a particle size from 5.0 to 10.0 μm, and the number of oil mist particles in each particle size section does not change significantly with the air changes per hour, the local exhaust air located above the machine tool still does not ensure that the oil mist concentration in the breathing zone of the post is lower than the recommended value of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH), and source control of oil mist emissions is critical, purifiers can be effective, but at the same time increase the operational and maintenance management and cost requirements of ventilation system. In the analysis of the measured data, it is found that the oil mist escaping outward through the gap of the closed machine tool operation door cannot be ignored, and its escape rate is directly related to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the machine tool and whether the resulting gap flow rate is greater than the particle spillage rate, which is worth in-depth discussion.
Keywords: machining workshop; oil mist; concentration; ventilation; purification; production process;
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