业主：加州大学伯克利分校

建设地点：美国旧金山湾区伯克利市

建筑设计：慕若昱建筑设计事务所

施工管理：Mc Carthy Construction

景观顾问：Conger Moss Guillard Landscape

土木工程：Sherwood Design Engineers

结构工程：Rutherford&Chekene

机械电气管道和垂直交通：Syska Hennessy Group

可持续设计：Atelier Ten

食品供给：Ricca Newmark Design

照明设计：Horton Lees Brogden Lighting Design

图形和标识设计：Sussman/Prejza&Co

声学顾问：Charles M Salter Associates

功能策划：Biddison Hier

总建筑面积：32 080m²（新建8 761m²，改造23 319m²)

设计时间：2008.09～2013.04

建设时间：2013.08～2015.09

图片版权：除特殊标记外，其他图片均由Moore Ruble Yudell提供

校园是一个充满活力的社区中心，体现一所学校的文化价值和张力。在全球化和多样化的环境下，如何理解学校物理层面的规划与其不断演进的文化精神之间的交叠，对于成功规划设计出符合当代学生需要的活力场所至关重要，而这种文化、学术和人群的动态变化与校园的规划设计交叠，将赋予这个场所更加丰富的故事情节。

加州大学伯克利分校长达150年为学生服务的建筑发展史堪称连续和变化的典型，其校园核心的文化和物理景象历经了多个经典范式：从1896年的学院派（Beaux Arts），到19世纪60年代Vernon Demars和Lawrence Halprin的“野蛮主义”下斯普洛尔广场方案，再到新近完成的2009～2015年下斯普洛尔广场和学生社区中心的适应性改造。从言论自由运动到当代的包容性目标，再到技术进步对学生互动和交流方式的影响，体现了社会和学术趋势的变革与分化。这种作用在前沿大学的活跃力量，展示了学校周边人文环境的变化、自20世纪60年代以来建筑复兴的机遇以及可持续、灵活、面向未来的关键策略。

位于学校西南侧的下斯普洛尔广场原为一座几近被遗忘的20世纪中叶的现代主义风格建筑群。在学生和校方的密切配合下，我们将其改造为一座充满活力的学生生活中心。采用新建筑与适应性改造利用相结合的设计手法，打造一个多建筑围合的中心，不仅能够承继场地的历史遗存，还可以实现基础设施设备的现代化和弹性化，以满足未来不断发展的使用需求。

通过设计建设过程中各方的高度参与，我们对学生社区中心的共同愿景是使其成为一个能够更新、参与和演出的家园，一个能够容纳多样对话和公民参与的论坛，一个能够学习、生活和展示的可持续未来实验室，一个能够连接校园和社区的门户。

在下斯普洛尔广场改造更新的契机下，我们重新思考了场地的整个建筑群、公共空间以及二者与校园、周边社区之间的联系。建于1961年的马丁·路德·金学生会楼是校园的重要门户，它围合了斯普洛尔广场，同时作为言论自由运动的策源地，它还是校园民权遗产中的一个重要场所。原有规划将马丁·路德·金学生会楼作为连接下斯普洛尔广场的桥架，但是由于它与校园及邻近城市周边存在物理分隔，因而很难融入校园肌理。

新的学生社区中心重塑了现有建筑和广场，打造了以可持续实践为基础的先进设施。项目基地南临商业街班克罗夫特路，通过新交通枢纽、社区配套零售、大型入口的设计，在校园和城市之间形成一个充满活力的入口空间；北临历史上著名的草莓溪，这是一个繁荣的河岸生态系统。人们在广场和户外聚集空间之间的移动加强了城市、草莓溪和校园地标之间的物理和视觉联系。

研究表明，美国大学中符合高等教育传统特征的学生——18～22岁、住校并接受父母资助，人数已经越来越少且不足16%。而家中第一代就读大学的成员逐渐增多，学生类型也在不断扩大，包括半工半读、网络学习、终身教育或者兼而有之的。越来越多已成为父母的大龄学生选择往返通勤而不愿住校，因为他们需要同时兼顾子女和学习两方面。可以看到，现在及将来的学生是有史以来在种族、民族、宗教和性别认同方面最多元化的一代。

更新后的下斯普洛尔广场和学生社区中心打造了一个适应学生类型变化的当代模型，为不同群体提供了相互接触的机会。在这里，学生的自主倡议活动和社区服务计划都可以得到支持，是一个“在实践中学习”的课外场所。总而言之，多元文化中心是关键，强调校园设计应优先考虑包容性与多样性。

以往的研究表明，下斯普洛尔广场区域需要增建大量新建筑，但这种做法缺乏经济可行性。场地现有建筑与其周边环境并不和谐，现状8层的埃舍尔曼厅在广场上留下了长长的投影，使得广场变得阴暗，毫无生趣。在2008年经济衰退后，慕若昱建筑设计事务所（Moore Ruble Yudell）被选为设计方，为此次项目的规划和功能带来了全新的视角。我们的方案策略是充分利用现有设施，包括：1）修复并改造塞萨尔·查韦斯学生中心楼、马丁·路德·金学生会楼和泽勒巴赫厅三座建筑，并对马丁·路德·金学生会楼进行扩建；2）拆除不抗震且功能单一的埃舍尔曼厅，代以一栋功能复合的新建筑，供学生社团使用；3）重新设计景观和广场，整合场地。

此次更新改造不仅优化了场地资源，还进行了弹性设计。新的埃舍尔曼厅降至5层高，加长了平面，空间更大也更具弹性。广场与多个建筑连接，可满足多种用途。这种充分利用现状并应用新思路的策略，使得其造价大大降低，仅为早期计划的四分之一。

新的学生社区中心回应了社区的多样性，是学生学习和生活的中心。随着学习环境的边界越来越模糊，学生社区中心的设计理念也从传统的娱乐、休闲、活动空间转变为积极培养、支持学生校内外各类需求的场所。科技改变了学生学习和交流的方式，提供鼓励互动、协作的场所变得越来越重要。

学生服务资源、多元文化中心、社交聚会、安静/冥想空间、创客空间、学生组织和政府区域、实践和表演、零售和餐饮服务等室内外空间，扩展了教育的生态系统。其中，在餐饮服务方面，我们计划引入严格选拔的食品供应商，实现“从农场到餐桌”的安全食品供应，以更好地支持项目愿景。总而言之，学生、校园和城市需求之间的和谐平衡对于支持那些丰富学生体验的一系列计划和设施具有重要作用。

建筑和广场的一体化设计是建筑群改造并重新赋予其活力的关键。

(1）新建建筑和附加设施的透明性和渗透性强化了广场和街道的联系，凸显了学生生活。

(2）建筑物之间和广场上的“活动环”相互强化，让广场周边的建筑物更加一目了然，同时吸引学生到室外观看并参加表演活动，或进入室内参与其中。

(3）动线组织对于建立统一框架、加强有效的社区营造非常重要，需要仔细观察学生在公共空间中的动态并进行路线绘制。基于动线分析来塑造建筑、开放空间和功能性场所，将导入新的使用模式，并融入校园和城市肌理中。

新的学生社区中心是与数百位利益相关者共同构思而来的。校方担忧的关键问题是，如何在众多不同部门之间建立共识——也是这一挑战阻碍了许多早期的研究。慕若昱建筑设计事务所与学生和行政领导共同建立了一个高度包容的参与架构，涉及800多个学生团体、教职员工、社区和市民领袖。通过一系列研讨会、员工大会以及更为详尽的访谈，从众多利益相关者那里获取重要意见，确立总体规划和功能制定的共同原则，这些原则成为我们在设计过程中做出决策的基础。在社区规划后，尽管发生了针对学费上涨的抗议活动，但是由于学生团体在社区规划过程中的大量参与，他们投票后决定通过增加学费来支持本项目的开展。由此可见，学生、教职员工和社区利益相关者都非常期待这个新的校园生活中心。

为了更好地满足不同群体多样化的需求和兴趣，我们一方面采用用户研讨会的形式，为有特殊需求的群体建立共识；另一方面，开展了一系列专注环境改革新方法及其对社区各层面影响的“生态研讨会”，全体利益相关者代表会出席，共同解决诸如水资源保护（通过雨水花园过滤雨水及其他中水）和节能（新埃舍尔曼厅的被动通风策略，也是加州大学伯克利分校的首个被动通风策略）等问题，为优先考虑整个社区的共同需求提供了更广阔的平台。

下斯普洛尔广场的再开发和学生社区中心项目表明了场地规划、功能策划、建筑设计和社区参与之间叠合的重要性，创造了一个充满变革性的场所。整体性的规划和设计过程对于以学生为中心的项目的可持续性和弹性至关重要。通过与数百名利益相关者的合作，以整个片区的综合分析为基础，复兴了校园的历史核心，调和了校园和社区之间的矛盾。在大萧条时期，将大学和城市有机地联系在了一起，平衡了有限的资源，因此该项目也被认为是代表当地及全球学生和社区民众价值观的市民中心。慕若昱重视此类有着多种影响因素、复杂挑战和远大抱负的项目，并伴随此类项目共同成长。

兼容并包的设计过程将学生和校方的愿景融入到振兴大学社区的规划设计中，使得项目资金能够成功筹集并有效使用。通过新的基础设施将现代弹性空间整合到现状建筑和场地当中，以适应未来不断发展的需求。重新规划的行动路线——通过保留的马丁·路德·金学生会楼前往毗邻的新建建筑群和校园周边区域，为设计提供了统一的框架。区域的规划设计平衡了校园的物理条件和功能需求，形成了学生和教职工共同组成的多元化社区，为学生的生活学习打造了一座“校园客厅”。

Campuses are dynamic centers of community,expressing the values and tensions of their cultures.In a global and diverse world,understanding the intersection between physical planning and the evolving cultural ethos of each institution is critical to successfully plan and design vibrant places that are responsive to contemporary student needs.This intersection of cultural,academic,and demographic dynamics with campus planning and design is essential in establishing a rich narrative for transformative places.

The 150-year history of UC Berkeley’s evolution of student serving architecture is an exemplary case study of continuity and change.The cultural and physical landscape of the core campus evolved in key paradigm shifts from the 1896 Beaux-Arts Plan,to the 1960’s“Brutalist”Lower Sproul scheme of Vernon Demars and Lawrence Halprin,to the recently completed 2009-2015 adaptive renewal of the Lower Sproul Redevelopment and Student Community Center.Changes and disruptions in social and academic trends range from the Free Speech Movement to contemporary goals of inclusivity,to the impact of technological advances on how students interact and communicate.These dynamic forces at work in a leadingedge university demonstrate the changing imperatives of the‘town-gown’relationship,opportunities for revitalizing buildings from the 1960s,and key strategies to create sustainable,resilient and future-looking projects.

Working in close partnership with student and campus leadership,the Lower Sproul Redevelopment and Student Community Center transform what had become a neglected mid-century modern complex at the southwest edge of campus into a dynamic hub for student life.Both new construction and adaptive reuse combine to create a multi-building center that celebrates the historic legacy of the site while modernizing its infrastructure into a flexible armature for the evolving needs of future generations of students.

Through a highly engaged process,a shared vision for the Student Community Center(SCC)emerged as a home for renewal,participation and performance;a forum for dialogue diversity and civic engagement;a laboratory for learning,a living,demonstrating and sustainable future;a gateway for connecting the campus and community.

This re-envisioning of the outdated and underutilized Lower Sproul was an opportunity to rethink an entire complex of buildings and public space and its connection to the campus and surrounding community.Built in 1961,Martin Luther King Jr.Student Union framed a prominent campus gateway and Sproul Plaza,an important site in the campus’s civil rights legacy as the birthplace of the Free Speech Movement.The existing union had intended to act as a bridge to the lower plaza which had struggled to be part of the campus fabric due to its physical separation and isolation from the surrounding campus and adjacent city.

The new SCC recasts the existing mid-century buildings and plaza into a revitalized state-of-theart facility rooted in sustainable practices.The site’s southern edge along Bancroft Way,a lively neighborhood retail street,establishes a vibrant gateway between campus and city with a new transit center,communityserving retail,and large portals that draw you into the expansive plaza.The northern boundary is defined by the historic Strawberry Creek,a thriving riparian ecosystem.Movement through the plaza and outdoor gathering spaces strengthen physical and visual connections to the city,creek and campus landmarks.

At campuses across America,fewer students(less than 16%according to recent studies)fit the traditional profile of a higher education student between the ages of18–22 who live on campus and receives parental financial support.Students are increasingly the first generation in their family to attend college and the types of students continue to expand to include part-time,on-line,life-long,or a hybrid.More students are older,commute rather than live on campus,and are parents juggling the demands of children and academic life.Current and upcoming students are also recognized as the most diverse generation ever in race,ethnicity,religion,and gender identity.

The Lower Sproul Redevelopment and SCC create a contemporary model that supports changing student demographics and provide opportunities for a diverse population to engage with each other.It envisions a place where life outside the classroom unfolds and reinforces“learning by doing”through spaces that support studentled initiatives and community-serving programs.A multicultural center is a key focal program highlighting the importance of inclusivity and diversity as a campus priority.

Prior campus studies of the Lower Sproul complex suggested the need for substantial new building and had proven to be economically unviable.The existing buildings and site had become dysfunctional and existing Eshelman Hall,at eight stories tall,cast a long shadow on the plaza making it dark and uninviting.

Moore Ruble Yudell was selected right after the inception of the 2008 recession and brought a fresh perspective to all aspects of planning and programming.Our approach strategically leveraged existing facilities through 1)restoration and adaptive reuse of three buildings—Cesar Chavez,Martin Luther King and Zellerbach Hall—and expansion of the MLK student union;2)removal and replacement of the seismically weak and programmatically inflexible Eshelman Hall with a new multi-use building for student organizations;3)redesign of the landscape and plaza to unite the whole district.

The newly revitalized district optimizes resources and is designed for resiliency and change.New Eshelman Hall is lower in height,at five stories,and longer in plan with large,flexible,open spaces.The plaza has been wired to support multiple venues and a range of uses.Our solution leveraged existing and new for a viable approach at one quarter the cost of earlier proposals.

The new center celebrates the diversity of its community and creates a heart for student life and learning.Just as the boundaries of learning environments are blurring,the idea of the student union has evolved beyond a traditional program of recreation,lounge,and event to the kinds of spaces that actively nurture and support student needs both on campus and beyond.Technology has also changed the way students study and communicate and providing places that encourage interaction and collaboration has become increasingly important.

Interior and exterior spaces expand the educational ecosystem a n d i n c l u d e s t u d e n t s e r v i n g r e s o u r c e s,a M u l t i-C u l t u r a l C e n t e r,s o c i a l g a t h e r i n g a n d meeting,quiet/meditation,maker spaces,areas for student organizations and government,practice and performance,and retail and foodservice.Foodservice is intentionally programmed to include an array of socially responsible and farm to table providers in support of the project vision.Finding the harmonious balance between student,campus,and city needs was critical to support a wide range of programs and amenities that enrich the student experience.

Unifying buildings and plaza was essential to transform the complex into a reenergized forum for engagement.

·Transparency and permeability of the new building and additions enhance connections and access to plaza and street and celebrate student life.

·Providing transparency to the buildings surrounding the plaza,the“rings of activity”within the buildings and on the plaza become mutually reinforcing.Students are simultaneously drawn outside to see and participate in an event or performance and inside to engage with each other.

·The choreography of movement is essential for establishing a unifying framework that strengthens effective community-making and is based on careful observation and mapping of how students move through public space.Shaping the architecture,open spaces and programmatic placements in response to this analysis invites new patterns of use that are woven into the campus and city fabric.

The new Student Community Center was conceived in collaboration with hundreds of stakeholders.A key university concern was how to build consensus among these many different constituents—a challenge that had stalled a number of earlier studies.Moore Ruble Yudell worked with student and administrative leadership to establish a highly inclusive framework for participation that involved over 800 student groups,faculty,staff,community,and civic leaders.Through a series of workshops,town halls,and more intimate interviews,the project team received key input from this broad range of stakeholders to establish shared principles for the master planning and programming that became the basis for reaching decisions during the design.Following the community planning process,the student body was so invested that they voted decisively to support this project through additional student fees,in spite of recent protests over tuition increases.Students,staff,faculty and community stakeholders have enthusiastically adopted the new Student Community Center as a vibrant new heart of campus life.

To better understand and prioritize the diversity of needs and interests,Moore Ruble Yudell applied new methodologies for building consensus.In addition to user workshops that form consensus around the desires of specific constituent groups,another important tool used was a series of“eco-charrettes”which focused on environmental initiatives and innovation and how they affected a cross-section of the community.With representatives of all stakeholders present,the ecocharrette addressed issues such as water conservation,which led to the idea of a rain garden that filters stormwater from the roofs and other greywater systems,and energy conservation,which led to implementing a passive ventilation strategy for the new Eshleman Hall—one of the first at UC Berkeley.The eco-charrette provided a broader forum to prioritize aspirations shared by the entire community.

The Lower Sproul Redevelopment and Student Community Center demonstrates the critical intersection between planning,programming,architectural design and community engagement to create transformative places.A holistic planning and design process is critical to support sustainability and resilience in student-centered projects.The new center was conceived in collaboration with hundreds of stakeholders and based on a comprehensive district-wide analysis.It revitalized the historic core of the campus and reconciled polarized concerns of campus and community.It bound together with the University and the city leveraging limited resources in a Great Recession era.It has been enthusiastically adopted as a civic place that embodies local and global student and community values.Moore Ruble Yudell values and thrives on projects with many moving parts,complex challenges and the highest of aspirations.

An inclusive design process integrated student and campus aspirations into a planning vision that galvanized the University community and served as a catalyst in reaching successful fundraising and project funding outcomes.Modern flexible spaces are integrated into existing buildings and sites with new infrastructure to accommodate the evolving needs of future generations.The choreography of new movement patterns through the existing MLK Union to adjoining new additions and broader campus district spaces provide a unifying framework.The district planning and design balance physical and programming needs to celebrate the diverse community of students,faculty and staff and creates a Campus Living Room for student life and learning.