后疫情下公交、地铁和高铁中佩戴口罩对乘员热舒适影响的评估
摘要：在后疫情时代，佩戴口罩成为人们进出公共场所的重要防疫措施，特别是在乘坐大流量、高密度的城内与城际公共交通时。面部与口罩之间高湿且相对密闭的微环境对乘员热舒适会产生重要影响。本文根据佩戴口罩时热舒适指标的变化对PMV-PPD模型进行了校正，并将校正后的模型应用于公共交通的热舒适评估。结果表明：在公交车和地铁内佩戴医用口罩时，对热舒适的影响分别表现为降低和提升，预测不满意百分数平均差值分别为6%、-7%;高铁内热舒适表现为微小提升，平均差值为-0.5%;公交车、地铁和高铁内乘员的热舒适区占比分别为62.5%、27.1%、92.5%,表明高铁对热舒适环境的控制效果最佳。
关键词：新型冠状病毒肺炎城市公共交通佩戴口罩PMV-PPD模型热舒适区
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[8] LINDSLEY W G,BLACHERE F M,Beezhold D H,et al.A comparison of performance metrics for cloth masks as source control devices for simulated cough and exhalation aerosols[J].Aerosol science and technology,2021,55(10):1125- 1142.
[9] 严玉蓉，李桂兰，曹泳琳，等.一种提高舒适性的口罩：CN111567937A[P].2020-08-25.
[10] 张晶，王亚玲，何海燕.抗疫环境中医用三级防护装备舒适性穿戴经验探讨[J].西部医学，2020,32(3):322- 323.
[11] LAI A C K,POON C K M,CHEUNG A C T.Effectiveness of facemasks to reduce exposure hazards for airborne infections among general populations[J].Journal of the royal society interface,2012,9(70):938- 948.
[12] CUI W L,OUYANG Q,ZHU Y X.Field study of thermal environment spatial distribution and passenger local thermal comfort in aircraft cabin[J].Building and environment,2014,80(10):213- 220.
[13] ZENDER-ŠWIERCZ E,TELEJKO M,GALISZEWSKA B.Influence of masks protecting against SARS-CoV-2 on thermal comfort[J].Energies,2021,14(11):3315.
[14] ZHANG R H,LIU J H,ZHANG L,et al.The distorted power of medical surgical masks for changing the human thermal psychology of indoor personnel in summer[J].Indoor air,2021,31(5):1645- 1656.
[15] 方舟.绿色城市轨道交通标准应用案例解析[J].暖通空调，2022,52(5):68- 72,95.
[16] 林宇凡，孙歌，郑武幸，等.寒冷地区春季地铁车厢出行者适应性热舒适研究[J].暖通空调，2021,51(9):119- 126.
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[19] 陆丽莉.室内热舒适度评价研究[D].合肥：安徽农业大学，2013:7- 8.
[20] 江泳，朱颖心.地铁车站公共区冬季温度设计标准探讨[J].暖通空调，2002,32(4):20- 22.
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Thermal comfort evaluation of occupants wearing masks in buses, subways and high-speed trains during post-pandemic period
Abstract: In the post-pandemic era, wearing masks has become an important epidemic protection measure for people to enter and exit public places, especially when taking large-flow and high-density intra-city and inter-city public transport. The high-humidity and relatively closed microenvironment between the face and the mask leads to important influences on the thermal comfort of the occupants. In this paper, the PMV-PPD model is corrected according to the change of thermal comfort index when wearing masks, and the corrected model is applied to the thermal comfort evaluation in public transport. The results show that when wearing medical masks in buses and subways, the effects on thermal comfort are reduced and improved, respectively, with the average difference of the predicted dissatisfaction percentage is 6% and-7%, respectively. The thermal comfort in high-speed trains is slightly improved with the average difference of-0.5%. The thermal comfort zone of occupants in buses, subways and high-speed trains is 62.5%, 27.1% and 92.5%, respectively, indicating that the high-speed train has the best control effect on thermal comfort environment.
Keywords: COVID-19; urban public transport; wearing mask; PMV-PPD model; thermal comfort zone;
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