超低能耗住宅暖通空调系统设计与运行探讨
摘要：超低能耗建筑旨在使运行能耗最小化的同时，给住户提供比常规住房更好的室内空气质量(IAQ)和热湿条件。这种技术体系的核心是实现被动技术的最大化利用，减少建筑本身的冷热需求，同时优先应用可再生能源，以减少建筑供暖、供冷和照明能耗。本文以青岛地区中德被动式超低能耗住宅推广示范小区为例，首先介绍了被动式超低能耗住宅的被动设计方案；其次，详细介绍了项目的暖通空调设计方案，包括冷热源系统、新风系统、厨房通风等方面的设计；最后，对典型住户进行了连续监测，并分析了系统运行效果。本文的研究旨在探索超低能耗住宅被动设计及暖通空调设计方案，为住宅的低碳设计提供技术经验。
关键词：被动式超低能耗建筑住宅地源热泵通风系统运行效果
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[2] 董建锴，高游，孙德宇，等.建筑领域碳中和相关定义、目标及技术路线概览[J].暖通空调，2023,53(10):69- 78.
[3] HAN F,LIU B,WANG Y,et al.Verifying of the feasibility and energy efficiency of the largest certified passive house office building in China:a three-year performance monitoring study[J].Journal of building engineering,2022,46:103703.
[4] HAN F,WANG Y,FEIST W,et al.Exploring solutions to achieve carbon neutrality in China:a comparative study of a large-scale passive house district and a green building district in Qingdao[J].Energy and buildings,2022,268:112224.
[5] LIU Z J,ZHOU Q X,TIAN Z Y,et al.A comprehensive analysis on definitions,development,and policies of nearly zero energy buildings in China[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2019,114:109314.
[6] 张世聪，傅伊珺，吕燕捷，等.超低能耗建筑既有政策与推广建议研究[J].建设科技，2019(24):28- 31.
[7] LEE J,MCCUSKEY SHEPLEY M,CHOI J.Exploring the localization process of low energy residential buildings:a case study of Korean passive houses[J].Journal of building engineering,2020,30:101290.
[8] 徐伟，孙德宇.中国被动式超低能耗建筑能耗指标研究[J].动感(生态城市与绿色建筑),2015(1):37- 41.
[9] 潘黎，赵德印，徐强.上海超低能耗办公建筑围护结构技术研究与实践[J].暖通空调，2020,50(7):91- 96.
[10] 崔梦迪，王翠灵，王宝龙，等.寒冷地区超低能耗住宅适用热泵特征[J].暖通空调，2022,52(5):54- 60.
[11] 瞿燕.上海市超低能耗建筑实践特征与应用思考[J].暖通空调，2022,52(8):29- 35,17.
[12] SHIN M,BALTAZAR J C,HABERL J S,et al.Evaluation of the energy performance of a net zero energy building in a hot and humid climate[J].Energy and buildings,2019,204:109531.
[13] CAKYOVA K,FIGUEIREDO A,OLIVEIRA R,et al.Simulation of passive ventilation strategies towards indoor CO2 concentration reduction for passive houses[J].Journal of building engineering,2021,43:103108.
[14] 马瑛超，苗艳姝，孟冲，等.低能耗住宅烹饪过程厨房及其邻室细颗粒物暴露评价[J].暖通空调，2023,53(10):126- 132.
[15] COSTANZO V,FABBRI K,PIRACCINI S.Stressing the passive behavior of a passivhaus:an evidence-based scenario analysis for a Mediterranean case study[J].Building and environment,2018,142:265- 277.
[16] ZHAO J,CARTER K.Do passive houses need passive people?Evaluating the active occupancy of passivhaus homes in the United Kingdom[J].Energy research & social science,2020,64:101448.
[17] 李昊，武伯菊，罗怡晨，等.传承文脉的青岛传统建筑适宜性绿色建造策略研究[J].建筑技艺，2022,28(2):62- 68.
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[22] 江亿，胡姗.中国建筑部门实现碳中和的路径[J].暖通空调，2021,51(5):1- 13.
[23] LUO A,XIA J J.Policy on energy consumption of district heating in northern China:historical evidence,stages,and measures[J].Journal of cleaner production,2020,256:120265.
Analysis on design strategies and operation performance of HVAC system for ultra-low energy residential buildings
Abstract: Ultra-low energy buildings are designed to provide occupants with better indoor air quality(IAQ) and thermal and humidity conditions than conventional residential buildings while minimizing operation energy consumption. The core of this technological system is to maximize the use of passive technology, reduce the cooling and heating demands of the buildings, and give priority to the application of renewable energy, with the expectation of reducing the heating, cooling and lighting energy consumption of the buildings. Taking the Sino-German passive ultra-low energy residential demonstration district in Qingdao area as an example, this paper firstly presents the passive design scheme of the studied residential building. Secondly, the HVAC design scheme of the project is presented in detail, including the cold and heat source system, outdoor air system, and kitchen ventilation. Finally, the continuous monitoring of typical households is carried out, and the system operation effect is analysed. The research of this paper aims to explore the passive design and HVAC design scheme of ultra-low energy residential buildings, and provide valuable technical experience for the low-carbon design of residential buildings.
Keywords: passive ultra-low energy building; residential building; ground-source heat pump; ventilation system; operation effect;
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