重庆住宅室内真菌气溶胶浓度分布及影响因素
摘要：为了研究重庆地区住宅室内各季节真菌气溶胶的浓度分布和影响因素，在该地选取23户住宅进行了室内外真菌气溶胶浓度检测和温湿度测量。结果表明：在测试期间，夏季、过渡季和冬季室内真菌气溶胶浓度平均值分别为1 655.8、1 412.8、465.9 cfu/m3,夏季和过渡季的浓度显著高于冬季；室内真菌气溶胶的峰值粒径、中值粒径均处于第四级(2.10μm, 3.30μm],冬季第四级粒径占比最大，中值粒径最小；室内真菌气溶胶浓度与室外浓度、室内温度和相对湿度均呈显著正相关(显著性水平P<0.01),Spearman相关系数分别为0.799、0.533和0.574;全年室内外真菌气溶胶浓度之比(I/O值)平均为1.25,说明室内源>室外源。
关键词：真菌气溶胶浓度分布影响因素粒径分布室内空气品质微生物污染相关性分析
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[41] 路冰洁，杜晨秋，郭芯竹，等.温湿度对建筑室内典型霉菌生长影响及其动力学模型[J].中国环境科学，2023,43(3):1368- 1377.
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[2] COX J,STONE T,RYAN P,et al.Associations of observed home dampness and mold with the fungal and bacterial dust microbiomes[J].Environmental science:processes & impacts,2021,23(3):491-500.
[3] HAVERINEN-SHAUGHNESSY U.Prevalence of dampness and mold in European housing stock[J].Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology,2012,22(5):461- 467.
[4] 王晗，李百战，阳琴，等.重庆地区住宅室内潮湿问题和儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的相关性分析：横断面调查[J].科学通报，2013,58(25):2596- 2604.
[5] STAMATELOPOULOU A,PYRRI I,ASIMAKOPOULOS D N,et al.Indoor air quality and dustborne biocontaminants in bedrooms of toddlers in Athens,Greece[J].Building and environment,2020,173:106756.
[6] VIEGAS C,ALMEIDA B,DIAS M,et al.Assessment of children's potential exposure to bioburden in indoor environments[J].Atmosphere,2020,11(9):993- 1001.
[7] ESPINOSA K,FLORES T,DAVYDENKO S R,et al.Fungal populations in the bedroom dust of children in Havana,Cuba,and its relationship with environmental conditions[J].Environmental science and pollution research,2021,28:1- 11.
[8] IRENE R T,JESUS A M.Fungal biodiversity in indoor environments in Havana,Cuba[J].Aerobiologia,2012,28(3):367- 374.
[9] DALLONGEVILLE A,LE CANN P,ZMIROU-NAVIER D,et al.Concentration and determinants of molds and allergens in indoor air and house dust of French dwellings[J].Science of the total environment,2015,536:964- 972.
[10] MADUREIRA J,PACIENCIA I,CAVALEIRO-RUFO J,et al.Indoor air risk factors for school children's health in Portuguese homes:results from a case-control survey[J].Journal of toxicology and environmental health—part a—current issues,2016,79(20):938- 953.
[11] CHEN C H,CHAO H J,SHEN W C,et al.Pilot study of mold in homes of asthmatic children in Taipei,Taiwan,using the environmental relative moldiness index[J].Aerobiologia,2015,31(2):213- 218.
[12] FAN L,WANG J,YANG Y,et al.Residential airborne culturable fungi under general living scenario:on-site investigation in 12 typical cities,China[J].Environment international,2021,155:106669.
[13] LIU W,CAI J,SUN C,et al.Associations between household airborne culturable fungi and allergies and airway illnesses in childhood in Shanghai,China[J].Environmental science and pollution research,2020,27(29):36570- 36578.
[14] SHARPE R A,BEARMAN N,THORNTON C R,et al.Indoor fungal diversity and asthma:a meta-analysis and systematic review of risk factors[J].Journal of allergy & clinical immunology,2015,135(1):110- 122.
[15] QUANSAH R,JAAKKOLA M S,HUGG T T,et al.Residential dampness and molds and the risk of developing asthma:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].PLoS one,2012,7(11):e47526.
[16] MENDELL M J,KUMAGAI K.Observation-based metrics for residential dampness and mold with dose-response relationships to health:a review[J].Indoor air,2017(3):506- 517.
[17] 张寅平，李百战，黄晨，等.中国10城市儿童哮喘及其他过敏性疾病现状调查[J].科学通报，2013,58(25):2504- 2523.
[18] WANG J,LI B Z,YANG Q,et al.Sick building syndrome among parents of preschool children in relation to home environment in Chongqing,China[J].Chinese science bulletin,2013,58(34):4267-4276.
[19] 黄杜钗.重庆地区住宅室内环境与学龄前儿童肺炎患病关系的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2014:27- 40.
[20] 张华娣，钱华，郑晓红，等.南京地区儿童父母病态建筑综合症与家居环境因素的相关性分析[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,44(2):451- 456.
[21] DU C Q,LI B Z,YU W.Indoor mould exposure:characteristics,influences and corresponding associations with built environment:a review[J].Journal of building engineering,2021,35(5):101983.
[22] MANDAL J,BRANDL H.Bioaerosols in indoor environment:a review with special reference to residential and occupational locations[J].The open environmental & biological monitoring journal,2011,4(1):83- 96.
[23] 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所，复旦大学，清华大学，等.室内空气质量标准：GB/T 18883—2022[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2022:3.
[24] 方治国，欧阳志云，刘芃，等.城市居家环境空气真菌群落结构特征研究[J].环境科学，2013,34(5):2031- 2037.
[25] LV Y,WANG Z M,ZHAO T K,et al.Indoor environment in children's dwellings in Dalian and Beijing,China[J].Science and technology for the built environment,2019,25(4):373- 386.
[26] 李丹丹，王寅，徐春生，等.青岛市居民室内空气污染现状[J].环境卫生学杂志，2020(3):243- 248.
[27] LAI K M,LEE K M,YU W.Air and hygiene quality in crowded housing environments:a case study of subdivided units in Hong Kong[J].Indoor and built environment,2017,26(1):32- 43.
[28] PRIYAMVADA H,PRIYANKA C,SINGH R K,et al.Assessment of PM and bioaerosols at diverse indoor environments in a southern tropical Indian region[J].Building and environment,2018,137:215- 225.
[29] REPONEN T,HYVÄRINEN A,RUUSKANEN J,et al.Comparison of concentrations and size distributions of fungal spores in building with and without mould problems[J].Journal of aerosol science,1994,25(8):1595- 1603.
[30] WU D,ZHANG Y,TIAN Y,et al.On-site investigation of the concentration and size distribution characteristics of airborne fungi in a university library[J].Environmental pollution,2020,261:114138.
[31] 夏宇翔，孙霞，陶瑞东，等.武汉市某居民区典型场所微生物气溶胶调查及健康风险评价[J].环境科学研究，2021,34(10):2509- 2516.
[32] LI D W,KENDRICK B.Functional relationships between airborne fungal spores and enviromental factors in Kitchener-Waterloo,Ontario,as detected by Canonical correspondence analysis[J].Grana palynologica,1994,33(3):166- 176.
[33] FANG Z,OUYANG Z,HU L,et al.Culturable airborne fungi in outdoor environments in Beijing,China[J].Science of the total environment,2005,350(1/2/3):47- 58.
[34] YE J,QIAN H,ZHANG J,et al.Concentrations and size-resolved I/O ratios of household airborne bacteria and fungi in Nanjing,southeast China[J].Science of the total environment,2021,774(5):145559.
[35] FRANKEL M,BEKO G,TIMM M,et al.Seasonal variations of indoor microbial exposures and their relation to temperature,relative humidity,and air exchange rate[J].Applied & environmental microbiology,2012,78(23):8289- 8297.
[36] PRUSSIN A J,MARR L C.Sources of airborne microorganisms in the built environment[J].Microbiome,2015,3:78.
[37] SOUSA J.Association between home characteristics and occupant's behaviors and concentrations of bacteria,fungi and endotoxins[J].Journal of building engineering,2022,45(3):103409.
[38] REN P,JANKUN T,BELANGER K,et al.The relation between fungal propagules in indoor air and home characteristics[J].Allergy,2001,56(5):419- 424.
[39] 李炳华.多层组合墙体内部热湿环境对霉菌生长的影响分析[D].长沙：湖南大学，2011:8- 11.
[40] RATKOWSKY D A,LOWRY R K,MCMEEKIN T A,et al.Model for bacterial culture growth rate throughout the entire biokinetic temperature range[J].Journal of bacteriology,1983,154(3):1222-1226.
[41] 路冰洁，杜晨秋，郭芯竹，等.温湿度对建筑室内典型霉菌生长影响及其动力学模型[J].中国环境科学，2023,43(3):1368- 1377.
[42] SEDLBAUER K.Prediction of mould fungus formation on the surface of and inside building components[D].Stuttgart:University of Stuttgart,2001:10.
Distribution and influencing factors of fungal aerosol concentration in residential buildings in Chongqing
Abstract: In order to study the distribution and influencing factors of fungal aerosol concentration in residential buildings in Chongqing in different seasons, 23 residences are selected for indoor and outdoor fungal aerosol concentration detection and temperature and humidity measurement. The results show that during the test period, the average indoor fungal aerosol concentrations in summer, transition season and winter are 1 655.8, 1 412.8, 465.9 cfu/m3, respectively. The concentrations in summer and transition season are significantly higher than that in winter. The peak and count median diameters of indoor fungal aerosol are in the fourth level(2.10 μm, 3.30 μm], the fourth level particle size accounts for the largest proportion and the count median diameter is the smallest in winter. Indoor fungal aerosol concentration is significantly positively correlated with outdoor concentration, indoor temperature and relative humidity, the significance level P is less than 0.01, and the Spearman correlation coefficients are 0.799, 0.533 and 0.574, respectively. The average annual I/O ratio is 1.25, which shows that the concentration of indoor sources is higher than that of outdoor sources.
Keywords: fungal aerosol; concentration distribution; influencing factor; particle size distribution; indoor air quality; microbial contamination; correlation analysis;
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