我国工业污水集中处理厂运行及水质特征分析
摘要：以我国工业污水集中处理厂的实际运行和监测数据为基础，分析了我国工业污水集中处理厂的设计处理能力、污水处理量、水力负荷率及使用的主要处理工艺等，研究了COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TN、TP的进出水水质特征以及与去除效率的相关关系。结果表明，我国工业污水集中处理厂以1万～5万m3/d的规模为主，平均水力负荷率较低，为43.9%,AAO工艺、AO工艺、普通活性污泥法、SBR类、氧化沟类和MBR类为主流工艺，合计占比达76.2%；进、出水浓度值相对偏高，浓度值波动幅度较大，除总氮去除效率较低外，4项污染物的去除效率均高于80%;66.1%的工业污水集中处理厂进水基本能满足生物除磷的要求，但有56.4%的污水处理厂进水可生化性较差，53.6%的污水处理厂反硝化过程需要外加碳源；5项污染物的进出水浓度和去除效率与本指标的变量均呈显著相关性，其中进水污染物浓度对出水水质、去除效率均为正相关影响。
关键词：工业污水集中处理厂建设运行水质特征去除效率
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[21] 郑兴灿，李亚新．污水除磷脱氮技术[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2007．
[22] 戴维·穆尔，威廉·诺茨．统计学的世界[M]．北京：中信出版社，2017．
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[2] 国污普[2018]16号，第二次全国污染源普查制度[S]．
[3] 环境保护部，国家统计局，农业部．第一次全国污染源普查公报[EB/OL].(2010-02-06)[2020-11-24].http：//www.gov.cn/jrzg/2010-02/10/content_1532174.htm．
[4] 生态环境部，国家统计局，农业农村部．第二次全国污染源普查公报[EB/OL].(2020-06-09)[2020-11-24].http：//www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk01/202006/t20200610_783547.html．
[5] 杨铭，费伟良，刘兆香，等．长江经济带工业园区依托城镇污水处理厂处理工业废水问题分析与整改策略研究[J]．环境保护，2020,48(15):68-71．
[6] 单威，王燕，郑凯凯，等．高工业废水占比城镇污水处理厂COD提标技术比选与分析[J]．环境工程，2020,38(7):32-37．
[7] 王浙明，应珊婷，仝武刚，等．浙江省工业废水预处理排放标准制定可行性探讨-以氨氮为例[J]．环境污染与防治，2011,33(11):105-107．
[8] 王川，邓小聪．某工业园区污水处理厂建设工艺设计分析[J]．工程技术研究，2019,4(16):174-175．
[9] 孙高升，崔全喜，肖才林，等．AAO工艺处理发制品产业集聚区综合废水工程设计及运行效果[J]．给水排水，2020,46(8):80-83．
[10] CORNELISSEN R,DYCK T VAN,DRIES J,et al.Application of online instrumentation in industrial wastewater treatment plants-a survey in Flanders,Belgium[J].Water Science&Technology,2018,78(4):957-967．
[11] HAMED H,HAMID A,MOHSEN A.Application of factor analysis in a large-scale industrial wastewater treatment plant simulation using principal component analysis-artificial neural network hybrid approach[J].Environmental Progress&Sustainable Energy,2015,34(5):1322-1331．
[12] GOKHAN C,ALTUNAY P,NEVZAT O Y,et al.Modeling carbon and nitrogen removal in an industrial wastewater treatment plant using an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system[J].Clean-Soil,Air,Water,2007,35 (6):617-625．
[13] 郭治鑫，邓婷婷，董战峰．工业园区污水处理设施监管政策框架研究[J]．环境保护，2019,47(13):47-52．
[14] LEE D S,PARK D H,KIM Y M,et al.Multivariate process monitoring and diagnosis of a full-scale industrial wastewater treatment plant[J].Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis,2006,159:477-480．
[15] DEMEY D,VANDERHAEGEN B,VANHOOREN H,et al.Validation and implementation of model based control strategies at an industrial wastewater treatment plant[J].Water Science&Technology,2001,44(2):145-153．
[16] CJJ/T 228-2014城镇污水处理厂运营质量评价标准[S]．
[17] 建标[2001]77号城市污水处理工程项目建设标准[S]．
[18] 张自杰．排水工程下册（第四版）[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2007．
[19] 郭文成，吴群河．BOD5/COD值评价污废水可生化性的可行性分析[J]．环境科学与技术，1998(3):39-41．
[20] 徐美倩．废水可生化性评价技术探讨[J]．工业水处理，2008,28(5):17-20．
[21] 郑兴灿，李亚新．污水除磷脱氮技术[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2007．
[22] 戴维·穆尔，威廉·诺茨．统计学的世界[M]．北京：中信出版社，2017．
[23] 贾俊平，何晓群，金勇进．统计学[M]．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2010.
Analysis on operation and water quality characteristics of industrial wastewater treatment plants in China
Abstract: Based on the actual operation and monitoring data of industrial sewage treatment plants in China,the design treatment capacity,sewage treatment volume,hydraulic load rate and main sewage treatment processes are analyzed,the influent and effluent water quality characteristics of COD,BOD5,NH3-N,TN,TP and the correlation with the removal efficiency are studied.The results show that industrial wastewater treatment plants were mainly in the scale of 10 000 to 50 000 m3/d,and the average hydraulic load rate is low,AAO,AO,ordinary activated sludge,SBR,oxidation ditch and MBR are the mainstream process that accounted for 76.2% of the total;the influent and effluent water concentration are relatively high,and the concentration value fluctuated greatly.In addition to the low total nitrogen removal efficiency,the removal efficiencies of four pollutants are higher than 80%;66.1% of the influent of industrial wastewater treatment plants can basically meet the requirements of biological phosphorus removal,but 56.4% of the wastewater treatment plants had poor biodegradability,and 53.6% of the wastewater treatment plants need require an external carbon source for denitrification;the influent and effluent concentration and removal efficiency are all significantly correlated with the variables of this indicator.the influent concentration has a positive impact on the effluent quality and removal efficiency among them.
Keywords: Industrial wastewater treatment plants; Construction and operation condition; Water quality characteristics; Removal rate;
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