负压病房渗透风量计算及压力控制设计
摘要：介绍了天津市某医院新建呼吸道传染病区通风空调系统设计方案，针对负压隔离病房，重点分析了房间渗透风量及送排风量计算方法，建立了空气传质质量守恒多区模型，对单个房间和整个建筑风量及压差平衡进行了模拟验证，从系统压力平衡的角度，对送排风口的设置给出了建议。旨在通过合理的送排风设计，确保房间的压差梯度。
关键词：呼吸道传染病负压病房多区模型压差梯度气流组织
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[24] WANG L L,DOLS W S,CHEN Q.Using CFD capabilities of CONTAM 3.0 for simulating airflow and contaminant transport in and around buildings[J].HVAC&R research,2010,16:749- 763.
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[3] 《医院洁净护理与隔离单元技术标准》征求意见稿[EB/OL].[2021-01-28].https://max.book118.com/html/2019/1028/8022137104002060.shtm.
[4] 中华人民共和国传染病防治法[EB/OL].[2021-01-28].http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c238/202001/099a493d03774811b058f0f0ece38078.shtml.
[5] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会规划与信息司.综合医院建筑设计规范：GB 51039—2014[S].北京：中国计划出版社，2014:36- 45.
[6] 中国中元国际工程有限公司.传染病医院建筑设计规范：GB 50849—2014[S].北京：中国计划出版社，2014:23- 25.
[7] 中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范：GB 50736—2012[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2012:69- 98.
[8] 中国建筑科学研究院.生物安全实验室建筑技术规范：GB 50346—2011[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2012:4- 6.
[9] 中国电子工程设计院.洁净厂房设计规范：GB 50073—2013[S].北京：中国计划出版社，2013:19- 23.
[10] HOPKINS L P,HANSFORD B.Air flow through cracks[J].Building service engineer,1974,42(9):123.
[11] ETHERIDGE D W.Crack flow equations and scale effect[J].Building and environment,1997,12:181.
[12] KRONVALL J.Correlating pressurization and infiltration rate data-test of an heuristic model[M].Sweden:Lund Institute of Technology,Division of Building Technology,1980.
[13] CHANSTAIN J P,COLLIVER D G,WINTER P W.Computation of discharge coefficients for laminar flow in rectangular and circular openings[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE Transactions 1987:part(2).Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,1987:2259- 2283.
[14] 张再鹏，陈焰华，雷建平.新冠肺炎收治临时应急医院医技楼、手术室及ICU中心通空调设计[J].暖通空调，2021,51(6):57- 62.
[15] SHERMAN M H,GRIMSRUD D T.Infiltration-pressurization correlation:simplified physical modeling[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE Transactions 1980:part(2).Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,1980:778- 780.
[16] WEI S.Development of pressurization airflow design criteria for spaces under required pressure differentials[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE Transactions 2002:part(1).Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,2002:1- 13.
[17] SHAPIRO A H,SIEGE R.KLEIN S L.Friction factor in the laminar entry region of a small tube[C]//Proc 2nd US National Congress of Applied Mechanics,1954:733- 741.
[18] 中国建筑科学研究院.建筑外门窗气密、水密、抗风压性能分级及检测方法：GB/T 7106—2019[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2019:6- 9.
[19] BRAGER G S,DEAR R D.A standard for natural ventilation[J].ASHRAE Journal,2000,42(10):21- 28.
[20] CHEN Q.Ventilation performance prediction for buildings:a method overview and recent applications[J].Building and environment,2009,44:848- 858.
[21] EMMERICH S J,HEINZERLING D,CHOI J I,et al.Multizone modeling of strategies to reduce the spread of airborne infectious agents in healthcare facilities[J].Building and environment,2013,60(2):105- 115.
[22] NG L C,MUSSER A,PERSILY A K,et al.Multizone airflow models for calculating infiltration rates in commercial reference buildings[J].Energy and buildings,2013,58(5):11- 18.
[23] DOLS W S,EMMERICH S J,POLIDORO B J.Coupling the multizone airflow and contaminant transport software CONTAM with EnergyPlus using co-simulation[J].Building simulation,2016,9(4):469- 479.
[24] WANG L L,DOLS W S,CHEN Q.Using CFD capabilities of CONTAM 3.0 for simulating airflow and contaminant transport in and around buildings[J].HVAC&R research,2010,16:749- 763.
Infiltration air volume calculation and pressure control design in negative-pressure ward
Abstract: This paper presents the design scheme of the HVAC system in the newly-built respiratory infection ward of a hospital in Tianjin. Aiming at the negative-pressure isolation ward, the calculation methods of room infiltration air volume and air supply and exhaust air volume are emphatically analysed, the multi-zone model of air mass transfer mass conservation is established, and the air volume and differential pressure balance of a single room and the whole building are verified by simulation. Suggestions on the setting of air supply and exhaust outlets are given from the perspective of system pressure balance, in order to ensure the pressure gradient of the room through reasonable air supply and exhaust design.
Keywords: respiratory infectious disease; negative-pressure ward; multi-zone model; differential pressure gradient; air distribution;
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