丹麦近零能耗建筑——2020级建筑对住宅节能提出的新要求及其挑战
摘要：丹麦运输建筑和住宅部颁发的建筑管理行政命令2018(BR18)于2017年底生效。在这个行政命令中最新的建筑能耗等级——2020级建筑(最初公布于BR10的修订版)得到了确认。2020级建筑最初是为了满足欧盟关于近零能耗建筑的能耗性能而制订的，其能耗等级要求将建筑暖通空调和生活热水的总能耗进一步降低至20 kW·h/(m2·a)。本文简要介绍了2020级建筑在建筑学、围护结构、门窗、建筑气密性、暖通空调和日照等方面对住宅的节能要求。同时，对于满足2020级建筑所面临的挑战进行了一些讨论。
关键词：建筑能耗等级近零能耗建筑丹麦建筑规范绿色建筑可再生能源
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参考文献[1] Danish Ministry of Transport,Building and Housing.Executive order on building regulations 2018 (BR18):executive order No.1615 of 13 Dec.2017 (in force)[EB/OL].[2021-12-27].https://bygningsreglementet.dk/～/media/Br/BR-English/BR18_Executive_order_on_building_regulations_2018.pdf.
[2] Danish Ministry of Transport,Building and Housing.Executive order amending the executive order on the publication of the Danish Building Regulations 2010 (BR10)[EB/OL].[2021-12-27].https://historisk.bygningsreglementet.dk/file/256900/bkg_909_af_180811.pdf.
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[6] TOMMERUP H,SVENDSEN S.Energy savings in Danish residential building stock[J].Energy and buildings,2006,38:618- 626.
[7] Danish Energy Agency.Energy policy toolkit on energy efficiency in new buildings[EB/OL].[2021-12-27].https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/Globalcooperation/tool_ee_byg_web.pdf.
[8] Danish Knowledge Centre for Energy Savings in Buildings.Energy requirements of BR18:a quick guide for the construction industry on the Danish Building Regulations 2018[EB/OL].[2022-06-22].https://byggeriogenergi.dk/ media/ 2202/ danishbuil dingregulations_2018_energy-requirements.pdf.
[2] Danish Ministry of Transport,Building and Housing.Executive order amending the executive order on the publication of the Danish Building Regulations 2010 (BR10)[EB/OL].[2021-12-27].https://historisk.bygningsreglementet.dk/file/256900/bkg_909_af_180811.pdf.
[3] Danish Energy Agency.National plan for nearly zero-energy buildings[EB/OL].[2021-12-27].https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/denmark_en_version.pdf.
[4] Wind Denmark website[EB/OL].[2021-12-27].https://en.winddenmark.dk/wind-in-denmark/statistics/wind-amount.
[5] Danish Energy Agency.The Danish energy model[EB/OL].[2021-12-27].https://ens.dk/en/our-responsibilities/ global- cooperation/danish- energy- model.
[6] TOMMERUP H,SVENDSEN S.Energy savings in Danish residential building stock[J].Energy and buildings,2006,38:618- 626.
[7] Danish Energy Agency.Energy policy toolkit on energy efficiency in new buildings[EB/OL].[2021-12-27].https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/Globalcooperation/tool_ee_byg_web.pdf.
[8] Danish Knowledge Centre for Energy Savings in Buildings.Energy requirements of BR18:a quick guide for the construction industry on the Danish Building Regulations 2018[EB/OL].[2022-06-22].https://byggeriogenergi.dk/ media/ 2202/ danishbuil dingregulations_2018_energy-requirements.pdf.
Nearly-zero energy buildings in Denmark——New requirements and challenges for residential energy efficiency in Building Class 2020
Abstract: The executive order on building regulations 2018(BR18) issued by the Danish Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing came into force at the end of 2017. In this order, the new energy class of buildings—Building Class 2020(first released in the amendments of BR10) was finalized. The Building Class 2020 was prepared to meet the requirements of the EU Directive on the energy performance of nearly-zero energy buildings. The new Danish energy class of buildings requires to decrease the energy consumption of HVAC plus domestic hot water down to 20 kWh/(m2·a). This paper briefly presents the requirements of the Building Class 2020 for residential buildings on architecture, building envelope, windows and doors, air tightness, HVAC and daylight, etc. Some challenging issues to meet the requirements of the Building Class 2020 are discussed.
Keywords: building energy class; nearly-zero energy building; Danish building regulation; green building; renewable energy;
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