地铁车站空调系统送风中新风过量问题理论分析
摘要：地铁车站公共区空调系统送风中的实际新风量普遍大于设计新风量，在供冷季增大了新风负荷，导致地铁车站空调能耗升高。地铁站空调系统常采用送风机、回排风机和小新风机耦合设计的方案，风机选型偏差、风阀密闭性不好、穿过混风室的桥架未封堵等问题均会导致实际新风量与设计新风量产生较大偏差，而过去的研究缺乏对于其影响的理论定量分析。本文以某标准地铁车站为例，建立了风系统理论计算模型，定量分析了不同影响因素对地铁车站空调系统新风量的影响，找到了影响新风量的关键因素，并对设计和运行阶段要采取的措施提出了针对性建议。
关键词：地铁车站空调系统新风量影响因素风机选型风阀密闭性混风室
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参考文献[1] 李国庆.用于地铁的可调通风型站台门系统综合技术研究[D].天津：天津大学，2012:1- 2.
[2] 李国庆.城市轨道交通通风空调系统的现状及发展趋势[J].暖通空调，2011,41(6):1- 6.
[3] 卢梅，何梅，裴晓辉，等.北京地铁电能与水量消耗分析[J].北京交通大学学报，2011,35(1):136- 139.
[4] 杨乐.地铁站用能特征与节能策略研究[D].北京：清华大学，2017:47- 83.
[5] 李俊.基于现场实测的地铁车站空调负荷计算方法研究[D].北京：清华大学，2009:24- 61.
[6] 张越，李晓锋.地铁车站新风量控制策略研究[J].暖通空调，2019,49(1):42- 45.
[7] 陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].2版.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2008:1148.
[2] 李国庆.城市轨道交通通风空调系统的现状及发展趋势[J].暖通空调，2011,41(6):1- 6.
[3] 卢梅，何梅，裴晓辉，等.北京地铁电能与水量消耗分析[J].北京交通大学学报，2011,35(1):136- 139.
[4] 杨乐.地铁站用能特征与节能策略研究[D].北京：清华大学，2017:47- 83.
[5] 李俊.基于现场实测的地铁车站空调负荷计算方法研究[D].北京：清华大学，2009:24- 61.
[6] 张越，李晓锋.地铁车站新风量控制策略研究[J].暖通空调，2019,49(1):42- 45.
[7] 陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].2版.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2008:1148.
Theoretical analysis of excessive outdoor air in air conditioning system of underground railway stations
Abstract: The actual outdoor air rate of the air conditioning system in the public area of underground railway stations is generally greater than the designed outdoor air rate, which increases the outdoor air load during the cooling season, resulting in an increase in energy consumption. The air conditioning system of underground railway stations usually adopts a coupling design scheme of supply fan, return/exhaust fan and small outdoor air fan. The problems such as the selection deviation of fans, the poor tightness of air valves and the unblocked bridge passing through the mixing room will cause a large deviation between the actual outdoor air rate and the designed outdoor air rate. However, the previous research lacks theoretical quantitative analysis of its influence. This paper takes a standard underground railway station as an example, establishes a theoretical calculation model of the air system, quantitatively analyses the influence of different factors on the outdoor air rate of the air conditioning system of underground railway stations, finds the key factors affecting the outdoor air rate, and puts forward some suggestions on the measures to be taken in the design and operation stages.
Keywords: underground railway station; air conditioning system; outdoor air rate; influencing factor; fan selection; air valve tightness; mixing room;
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