医院建筑污染区门的开启方向探讨
摘要：医院建筑污染区门的开启方向受到广泛关注，门的开启会带来气流交换，实验结果表明门开启过程会产生逆向气流(从负压相对较大的房间流向相邻房间),逆向气流的强弱排序为外开门>内开门>推拉门(平移门)。由于污染区是负压，门缝的渗漏也是向内渗漏，考虑到方便和安全等问题，建议优先采用推拉门，有缓冲室的房间也可采用开向缓冲室的外开门。缓冲室与走廊之间应采用内开门，门上应有观察窗。
关键词：医院建筑污染区平开门推拉门缓冲室
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[2] WOLFE H W,HAVRIS M H,HALL L B.Open operating room doors and staphylococcus aureus[J].Hospitals,1961,35:57.
[3] 本田重夫，磯野一智，森川馨.固形製剤工場におけるクリーンルームの扉開閉の動特性と開閉による浮逯粒子の移送に関する研究[C]//空気調和·衛生工■仝論文集，2004:63.
[4] KALLIOMÄKI P,SAARINEN P,TANG J W.Airflow patterns through single hinged and sliding doors in hospital isolation rooms:effect of ventilation,flow differential and passage[J].Building and environment,2016,107:154- 168.
[5] The American Institute of Architects.Guidelines for design and construction of hospitals and health care facilities[S].Washington:AIA,1998.
[6] 日本医療福祉設備協仝.病院空調設備の設計·管理指針：HEAS-02—1998[S].東京都：株式仝社白橋，1998.
Discussion on opening direction of doors in contaminated area of hospital buildings
Abstract: The opening direction of doors in contaminated area of hospital buildings has received extensive attention. The opening of the door leads to airflow exchange, and the experiment proves that the door opening process will produce reverse airflow(from the contaminated area to the neighboring room), and the reverse airflow intensity of outward opening door is the largest, followed by inward opening door and sliding door. The door seam leakage is also leakage to the inside as the contaminated area keeps negative pressure. Taking into account the convenience and safety issues, it is preferable to use the sliding door, or the door that can be opened outward if there is a buffer room. The door of buffer room to the corridor should be opened inward and should have observation windows.
Keywords: hospital building; contaminated area; swing door; sliding door; buffer room;
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