公共场所空调系统疫后运维基点与对策
摘要：新冠病毒奥密克戎变异株的隐匿性强、传播快、空气传播占比高的特性，以及在疫情发展过程中一些源头不明或者传播途径不清的传播案例，均对公共场所空调系统的运维提出了挑战。疫后公共场所空调系统运维与管理应从“防控病菌的特性”与“空调系统的功能”2个基点出发。确认了合规空调系统不会传播病毒，以及奥密克戎呈现空气传播特性，控制重点应转向防控病毒在建筑空间及通道内空气传播，提出相应的运维策略与措施，公共场所空调系统运维与管理才能真正实现风险可控与高效低耗。
关键词：公共场所空调系统奥密克戎运维与管理疫后策略与措施
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[5] NIU J,TUNG T C W.On-site quantification of re-entry ration of ventilation exhausts in multi-family residential buildings and implications[J].Indoor air,2008,18(1):12- 26.
[6] MAO J C,GAO N P.Airborne transmission of infection between flats in high-rise residential buildings:a review[J].Building and environment,2015,94(12):516- 531.
[7] YU T S,LI Y G,WONG T W,et al.Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus[J].The New England journal of medicine,2004,350:1731- 1739.
[8] ZHANG Z N,LI X,WANG Q,et al.Field simulation of aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a special building layout—Guangdong Province,China[J].CCDC weekly,2021,34(3):711- 716.
[9] 刘文阳.累计感染者超62万后，上海医疗机构得出怎样的感控经验?[EB/OL].(2022-05-20)[2022-05-23].https://www.163.com/dy/article/H7RLGJSN0552QWC7.html.
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[12] CHENG C C,LUNG D C,WONG S C,et al.Outbreak investigation of airborne transmission of Omicron (B.1.1.529)-SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in a restaurant:implication for enhancement of indoor air dilution[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2022,430:128504.
[13] LI X D,LESTER D,ROSENGARTEN G,et al.A spatiotemporally resolved infection risk model for airborne transmission of COVID-19 variants in indoor spaces[J].Science of the total environment,2022,812:152592.
[14] JIA S Y,XIAO S L,WANG H B,et al.Increasing contributions of airborne route in SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant transmission compared with the ancestral strain[J/OL].Building and environment,2022:109328[2022-05-23].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109328.
[15] 沈晋明，刘燕敏.由华亭宾馆疫情再次探讨空调传播新冠病毒的风险[EB/OL].(2022-04-09)[2022-05-23].http://www.chinaacac.cn/chinaacac2/news/ 993.html.
[16] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会规划与信息司，中国医院协会医院建筑系统研究分会.综合医院建筑设计规范：GB 51039—2014[S].北京：中国计划出版社，2014:37.
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[18] 沈晋明，刘燕敏.探讨新冠病毒传播方式及防控对策[J].暖通空调，2021,51(10):69- 76.
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[21] 沈晋明，刘燕敏.由新型冠状病毒疫情思考医院负压手术室[J].暖通空调，2021,51(7):12- 17.
[22] PATRICK F H,LESLIE G D,MARK F,et al.Identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in healthcare heating,ventilation,and air conditioning units[J].Indoor air,2021,31(6):1826- 1832.
[23] SINAN S,MING F,KATHRYN O,et al.SARS-CoV-2 detection in air samples from inside heating,ventilation,and air conditioning (HVAC) systems-COVID surveillance in student dorms[J].American journal of infection control,2022,50(3):330- 335.
[24] ASHRAF M E,HANY A M,GAMAL B A,et al.A critical review of heating,ventilation,and air conditioning (HVAC) systems within the context of a global SARS-CoV-2 epidemic[EB/OL].(2021-09-20)[2022-05-23].https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8450051/.
[25] 沈晋明，刘燕敏.防控新型冠状病毒的对策应合理、合适、合规[J].暖通空调，2020,50(6):6- 11.
[26] 沈晋明，刘燕敏.新型冠状肺炎疫情期间公共场所集中空调使用建议[EB/OL].(2020-02-03)[2022-06-10].http://www.chinaacac.cn/chinaacac2/news/ 897.html.
[27] 沈晋明，刘燕敏.理性认识空调，尽快实现复工复产的安全生产环境[EB/OL].(2020-02-22)[2022-03-06].http://www.chinaacac.cn/chinaacac2/news/ 900.html.
[28] 沈晋明，刘燕敏.尽快建立合规的隔离空间的利器——全解耦集合式净化空调系统[EB/OL].(2020-02-13)[2022-03-06].http://www.chinaacac.cn/chinaacac2/news/ 899.html.
[29] 沈晋明，刘燕敏.读“美国CDC指南更新的科学摘要”随想[EB/OL].(2020-10-09)[2021-06-05].http://www.chinaacac.cn/chinaacac2/news/ 944.html.
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[35] 日本医療福祉設備協会.病院設備設計ガイドライン(空調設備編):HEAS-02—2022[S].東京都：株式会社白橋，2022:11- 12.
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[37] ROTHAMER D A,SANDERS S T,REINDL D T,et al.Strategies to minimize SARS-CoV-2 transmission in classroom settings:combined impacts of ventilation and mask effective filtration efficiency[J].Science and technology for the built environment,2021,27(9):1181- 1203.
Basic points and countermeasures of operation and maintenance of air conditioning systems in public places after epidemic
Abstract: The characteristics of the novel coronavirus Omicron mutant, such as strong concealment, fast transmission, high proportion of air transmission, and some transmission cases with unknown source or unclear transmission path in the process of epidemic development, have posed challenges to the operation and maintenance of air conditioning system in public places. The operation, maintenance and management of air conditioning system in public places after the epidemic should start from the two basic points of “the characteristics of preventing and controlling bacteria” and “the function of air conditioning system”. It is confirmed that the compliant air conditioning system will not spread the virus and the air transmission characteristics of Omicron. The control focus should turn to the prevention and control of the air transmission of the virus in the building space and channels, and put forward the corresponding operation and maintenance strategies and measures. Only in this way it can the operation and maintenance and management of the air conditioning system in public places truly realize high efficiency and low energy consumption under the controllable risk.
Keywords: public place; air conditioning system; Omicron; operation and maintenance; strategy and measure after epidemic;
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