商业厨房排风设计参数对比与论证
摘要:我国商业厨房排风量的设计计算长期存在对象不明确和方法不完善等问题,在实际工程中产生了诸多矛盾和不便。本文梳理了商业厨房总排风量和局部排风量之间的关系,明确了各自的适用阶段。在此基础上,对中外现行的基于换气次数的总排风量计算方法和局部排风量计算方法分别进行了整理分析,指出了我国现有方法存在的不足,提出了改进建议。此外,本文还对全面排风量的运行策略和风量计算进行了探讨。最后,基于CFD模拟方法对前述局部排风量方法进行了校核计算,同时验证了全面排风的运行策略。本文结论有助于完善我国商业厨房通风设计体系,弥合设计与实际工程需求间的差异。
关键词:商业厨房总排风量换气次数局部排风量断面风速法风量指标法热诱导风量法全面排风量
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[2] LIVCHAK A,SCHROCK D,SUN Z.The effect of supply air systems on kitchen thermal environment[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE Transactions 2005:part 1.Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,2005:748- 754.
[3] 孙一坚.简明通风设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997:581- 589.
[4] 陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993:1007- 1008.
[5] 建设部建筑设计院.民用建筑暖通空调设计技术措施[M].2版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996:223.
[6] 中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范:GB 50736—2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012:65- 66.
[7] 建设部工程质量安全监督与行业发展司.全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施暖通空调·动力[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2003:57- 58.
[8] 于振峰.酒店内大型厨房的通风及空调系统设计[J].建筑热能通风空调,2015,34(6):95- 97.
[9] 范向国,张旺达.某温泉酒店大型厨房通风设计探讨[J].建筑热能通风空调,2018,37(8):97- 100.
[10] 中国建筑东北设计研究院有限公司.饮食建筑设计规范:JGJ 64—2017[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2018:1- 2.
[11] 上海市烹饪餐饮行业协会.商用厨房设计规范:T/SRCA 000003—2019[S].上海:上海市烹饪餐饮行业协会,2019:59.
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[19] ASHRAE.2015 ASHRAE handbook:HVAC applications[M].SI ed.Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,2015:33.13- 33.14.
[20] ASTM.Test method for capture and containment performance of commercial kitchen exhaust ventilation systems:ASTM Standard F1704-12[S].West Conshohocken:ASTM,2017:4- 5.
[21] UL.Exhaust hoods for commercial cooking equipment:UL Standard 710[S].6th ed.Northbrook IL:Underwriters Laboratories,2012:5- 10.
[22] KOSONEN R,KOSKELA H,SAARINEN P.Thermal plumes of kitchen appliances:idle mode[J].Energy and buildings,2006,38(9):1130- 1139.
[23] KOSONEN R,KOSKELA H,SAARINEN P.Thermal plumes of kitchen appliances:cooking mode[J].Energy and buildings,2006,38(10):1141- 1148.
[24] Verein Deutscher Ingenieure.Blatt 1 ventilation equipment for kitchens:VDI 2052[S].Dusseldorf:Verein Deutscher Ingenieure,2017:15- 19.
[25] ASHRAE.Ventilation for commercial cooking operations:ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 154—2011[S].Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,2011:17.
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[28] 黄季宜,孙敏生,王冷非.公共厨房通风空调设计计算[J].暖通空调,2008,38(9):40- 43,47.
[29] 张杰,尹奎,蒋隆,等.星级酒店厨房通风系统设计探讨[J].安装,2013(2):32- 34.
[30] 刘海宾.商业厨房通风系统设计思考[J].建筑热能通风空调,2020,39(5):95- 97,75.
[31] 胡洋.公共厨房空调通风设计及案例分析[J].安徽建筑,2012,19(4):164- 165,201.
[32] 靳艳茹.商业性厨房烹调热加工间通风系统冬季工况的模拟研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006:19.
Comparative and argumentative study on design parameters of exhaust air in commercial kitchens
Abstract: The design and calculation of exhaust air in Chinese commercial kitchens always exists some problems, such as the unclear object and the incomplete method, resulting in many contradictions and inconveniences in engineering applications. This paper combs the relationship between total and local exhaust air volume in commercial kitchens, and clarifies the respective applicable stages. Then, the total exhaust air volume calculation methods based on the air change rate and the local exhaust air volume calculation methods at home and abroad are arranged and analysed, respectively. The shortcomings of Chinese existing methods are pointed out, and the appropriate improvement suggestions are given. In addition, this paper also discusses the operation strategy and volume calculation of general exhaust air. Finally, based on the CFD simulation method, the aforementioned calculation methods of local exhaust air volume are checked, and the operation strategy of the general exhaust air is verified. This paper contributes to optimize the current ventilation design system of Chinese commercial kitchens, thereby bridging the gap between design and engineering demands.
Keywords: commercial kitchen; total exhaust air volume; air change rate; local exhaust air volume; section-wind-speed method; air-volume-index method; thermal-induction air-volume method; general exhaust air volume;
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