燃煤电厂废水综合治理近零排放解决方案探讨
摘要：对某燃煤电厂实现废水近零排放目标存在的主要问题进行了分析，对废水来水与回用水不平衡问题提出了综合治理解决方案。提出采用部分辅机冷却水回流来解决辅机冷却用水量与全厂补水量的不平衡问题并进行了可行性论证；综合治理方案实施后电厂单位发电用水量将降低19%，针对该厂末端高盐废水蒸干系统存在的问题，结合目前国内外几种主要高盐废水近零排放工艺的技术特点，提出了两种解决方案并进行了工程建设投资及运行费用对比分析，得出了优先选用低温烟气旁路蒸发浓缩方案的结论。
关键词：高盐废水综合治理近零排放机械蒸汽再压缩烟道蒸发梯级利用
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[4] 汪岚，孙灏，张利权，等.火电厂循环水零排放工艺路线及可行性分析[J].水处理技术，2015(6):125-128.
[5] HUGH J.MARTIN,GARY R.MILLER.A zero discharge steam electric power generating station[J].AWWA,1986,V(5):52-58.
[6] JEVONS K,AWE M.Economic benefits of membrane technology vs.evaporator[J].Desalination,2010,250(3):961-963.
[7] TSAI J H,MACEDONIO F,DRIOLI E,et al.Membrane-based zero liquid discharge:Myth or reality?[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2017:S1876107017303450.
[8] Anthony Bennett.Desalination technology inpower generation[EB/OL].Filtration and Separation.November/December2016:30-35.www.filtsep.com.
[9] SHAFFER D L,CHAVEZ L,BEN-SASSON M,et al.Desalination and reuse of high-salinity shale gas produced water:drivers,technologies,and future directions[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47 (17):9569-9583.
[10] AL-MUTAZ I S,WAZEER I.Comparative performance evaluation of conventional multi-effect evaporation desalination processes[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2014,73(1):1194-1203.
[11] VCO A,CP A,RI B,et al.Desalination of shale gas produced water:A rigorous design approach for zero-liquid discharge evaporation systems[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017(140):1399-1414.
[12] DONG H.Study on zero-emission desalination system based on mechanical vapor recompression technology.The 7th International Conference on Applied Energy-ICAE 2015[C],Energy Procedia,2015(75):1436-1444.
[13] LIANG Z,ZHANG L,YANG Z,et al.Evaporation and crystallization of a droplet of desulfurization wastewater from a coal-fired power plant[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,119(Complete):52-62.
[14] DENG J J,PAN L M,CHEN D Q,et al.Numerical simulation and field test study of desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment through flue gas[J].Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2014,70(7):1285-1291.
[15] 连鹏，王凯亮，卢虎.基于锅炉烟气余热蒸发脱硫废水零排放技术的应用及探讨[J].给水排水，2018,44(10):67-71.
[16] 郑郝，郑成航，杨正大，等.基于烟道喷射蒸发的脱硫废水处理数值模拟研究[J].中国环境科学2018,38(12):4476-4483.
[17] 叶春松，操容，梁巍，等.脱硫废水高温烟气蒸发过程中氯盐和铵盐的分解[J].发电技术，2019,40,188(4):59-63.
[18] MA S C,et al.Research on desulfurization wastewater evaporation:Present and future perspectives[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016(58):1143-1151.
[19] 谢春霞，邹向群.回用水用于湿法脱硫系统工艺水的水质要求[J].电力科技与环保，2013,29(2):23-25.
[20] 刘朝辉.电厂循环水排污水回用深度处理关键技术研究[D].保定：华北电力大学，2014:34-41.
Discussion on zero emission solution for comprehensive treatment of wastewater from a coal-fired power plant
Abstract: The main problems in the realization of zero discharge target of a coal-fired power plant were analyzed.A comprehensive treatment solution was proposed for the imbalance of wastewater and water reuse.It is proposed to use some auxiliary machine cooling water return method to solve the imbalance between the auxiliary machine cooling water consumption and the whole plant hydration demand,and the feasibility of the solution is demonstrated.After the implementation of the comprehensive treatment plan,the power consumption per unit of the power plant will be reduced by 19%.In view of the problems existing in the high-salt wastewater evaporation system at the end of the comprehensive treatment of wastewater from the plant,combined with the technical characteristics of several major high-salt wastewater zero-emission processes at home and abroad,two solutions were proposed and the engineering construction investment and operating costs were compared.The analysis concluded that the low-temperature flue gas bypass evaporation enrichment scheme was preferred.
Keywords: High salt wastewater; Comprehensive management; Zero-discharge; MVR; Flue evaporation; Cascade utilization;
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