进藏人员冬季热适应层级及热需求特征研究
摘要：青藏高原地区寒冷干燥、低压缺氧，与平原地区气候存在明显差异。进藏人员在机体适应机制下，对建筑环境的热需求既不同于高原世居人员，也难以直接延用内地标准。本文针对进藏人员开展了热舒适现场调研，综合热氧暴露经历与个体差异特征参数对其热适应水平进行了层级划分，并明确了各适应层级进藏人员的热舒适需求特征。结果表明：进藏人员热适应可划分为应激代偿、适应代偿和基本适应3个层级；热适应水平越高，进藏人员对环境变化的敏感度越低，可接受温度范围越宽，且热中性温度越低；3个层级进藏人员的热中性温度分别为19.7、19.3、19.1℃。研究结果可为藏区舒适宜居的建筑热环境设计提供参考。
关键词：热适应层级进藏人员热舒适热氧经历室内热环境热中性温度
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[9] LUO M,CAO B,OUYANG Q,et al.Indoor human thermal adaptation:dynamic processes and weighting factors[J].Indoor air,2016,27(2):273- 281.
[10] 尹佳星，王昭俊，苏小文，等.寒冷地区不同气候类型自然通风环境的人体热适应研究[J].暖通空调，2021,51(10):120- 124.
[11] 周范卓，王昭俊，苏小文，等.夏热冬冷地区过渡季热适应模型研究[J].暖通空调，2022,52(3):132- 136.
[12] LIU Y F,DONG Y,SONG C,et al.A tracked field study of thermal adaptation during a short-term migration between cold and hot-summer and warm-winter areas of China[J].Building and environment,2017,124:90- 103.
[13] ASHRAE.Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy:ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2017[S].Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,2017:39.
[14] ISO.Ergonomics of the physical environment:subjective judgement scales for assessing physical environments:ISO 10551:2019[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2019:26.
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Thermal adaptation levels and thermal demand characteristics of Tibetan migrants in winter
Abstract: The climate of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is cold, dry, low pressure and hypoxic, which is obviously different from that of plain areas. Under the adaptation mechanism of the body, Tibetan migrants' thermal demand for the built environment is not only different from that of the indigenous population on the plateau, but also difficult to directly apply the standards in the plains. In this paper, a thermal comfort field survey is carried out for Tibetan migrants. The thermal adaptation levels are divided into different levels based on the thermal oxygen exposure experience and individual characteristic parameters. The thermal comfort demand characteristics of Tibetan migrants at different adaptation levels are clarified. The results show that thermal adaptation of Tibetan migrants can be divided into three levels: stress compensation, adaptation compensation and basic adaptation. The higher the thermal adaptation level, the lower the sensitivity of Tibetan migrants to environmental changes, the wider the acceptable temperature range, and the lower the thermal neutral temperature. The thermal neutral temperatures of the three types of Tibetan migrants are 19.7, 19.3 and 19.1 ℃, respectively. The results can provide a reference for the design of indoor thermal comfort environment of livable buildings in Tibet.
Keywords: thermal adaptation; level; Tibetan migrant; thermal comfort; thermal and oxygen experience; indoor thermal environment; thermal neutral temperature;
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