进藏人员对高原干燥环境的适应性反应特征研究
摘要：青藏高原空气稀薄干燥，准确描述人体对高原干燥环境的反应是保障进藏人员舒适与健康的重要基础。本文分析了人体症状学干燥度表征指标，比较了进藏人员在冬、夏两季的适应性干燥反应特征。结果表明：人体各部位对高原干燥环境的敏感度不同，唇部、鼻腔、喉部、皮肤和眼睛对相对湿度的敏感度依次降低；皮肤表面相对湿度受空气相对湿度和适应水平的综合影响，人体在进藏1周左右对干燥环境形成适应，过程中皮肤表面相对湿度每日增加约3%;适应后，室内温度保持不变，室内相对湿度每增加10%,人体皮肤表面相对湿度在夏季和冬季分别增加8%和6%;高原地区空气相对湿度增加导致人体热感觉升高，并对人体热舒适度产生显著影响。
关键词：高海拔地区干燥反应进藏人员适应性湿舒适热感觉
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[2] ENOMOTO K H,TOCHIHARA Y,IKEDA K.Changes in thermal comfort and subjective symptoms of factory workers by the use of humidifiers in low humidity room in winter[J].Journal of architecture and planning (Transactions of AIJ),2002,67(552):9- 14.
[3] 徐昆仑.低湿对人体舒适感影响的实验研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2017:43- 74.
[4] LINDGREN T,NORBÄCK D,ANDERSSON K,et al.Cabin environment and perception of cabin air quality among commercial aircrew[J].Journal of human and living environment,2001,8:49- 50.
[5] DERBY M M,PASCH R M.Effects of low humidity on health,comfort & IEQ[J].ASHRAE journal,2017,59(9):44- 51.
[6] 周范卓，王昭俊，苏小文，等.夏热冬冷地区过渡季热适应模型研究[J].暖通空调，2022,52(3):132- 136.
[7] 刘昊，侯云鹏，冉庄，等.青藏高原供氧列车车厢中常见空气指标的监测及对人体舒适度的影响[J].解放军预防医学杂志，2020,38(9):42- 44,48.
[8] 杨家骏，薛康，赵承初，等.青年男性急进高原早期鼻腔空间及鼻黏膜变化研究[J].西南国防医药，2014,24(3):308- 309.
[9] ZHOU B Y,JIAO B Y,CHEN B.et al.Physiological and perceptual responses of exposure to different thermal environments at low pressure (61.6 kPa)[J].Building and environment,2022,226:109774.
[10] BERGLUND L G.Comfort and humidity[J].ASHRAE journal,1998,40(8):35- 41.
[11] DOTY R L,COMETTO-MUÑIZ J E,JALOWAYSKI A A,et al.Assessment of upper respiratory tract and ocular irritative effects of volatile chemicals in humans[J].Critical reviews in toxicology,2004,34(2):85- 142.
[12] ENGEBRETSEN K A,JOHANSEN J D,KEZIC S,et al.The effect of environmental humidity and temperature on skin barrier function and dermatitis[J].Journal of the european academy of dermatology and venereology,2016;30(2):223- 249.
[13] 张蕾，张志明，王曦，等.成都地区女性四季节唇红部皮肤生理状况的研究[J].中国美容医学，2012,21(3):442- 445.
[14] SUNWOO Y,CHOU C,TAKESHITA J,et al.Physiological and subjective responses to low relative humidity[J].Journal of physiological anthropology.2006,25(1):7- 14.
[15] SEROR R,RAVAUD P,MARIETTE X,et al.Eular Sjogren’s syndrome patient reported index (ESSPRI):development of a consensus patient index for primary Sjogren’s syndrome[J] Annals of the rheumatic diseases,2011,70(6):968- 972.
[16] WEHR R,KROCHMAL L,BAGATELL F,et al.A controlled two-center study of lactate 12 percent lotion and a petrolatum-based creme in patients with xerosis[J].Cutis,1986,37(3):205- 207,209.
[17] 林宇凡，孙歌，郑武幸，等.寒冷地区春季地铁车厢出行者适应性热舒适研究[J].暖通空调，2021,51(9):119- 126.
[18] PARSONS K.Human thermal environments:the effects of hot,moderate,and cold environments on human health,comfort,and performance[M].3rd ed.Boca Raton:CRC Press,2014:52- 62.
[19] TIAN Z,ZHU N,ZHENG G,et al.Experimental study on physiological and psychological effects of heat acclimatization in extreme hot environments[J].Building and environment,2011,46(10):2033- 2041.
[20] CHOI J K,MIKI K,SAGAWA S.Evaluation of mean skin temperature formulas by infrared thermography[J].International journal of biometeorology,1997,41:68- 75.
[21] 高钰琪，罗德成，牛文忠，等.高原习服的评价标准与方法研究[J].第三军医大学学报，2001(12):1453- 1454.
[22] DU C Q,LI B Z,YU W,et al.Moisture in clothing and its transient influence on human thermal responses through clothing microenvironment in cold environments in winter[J].Building and environment,2019,150:1- 12.
Adaptive response characteristics of people entering Tibet to plateau dry environment
Abstract: The air on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is thin and dry. The human body reacts to the dry environment of the plateau in a certain way, and understanding this response is crucial for assuring the comfort and health of people entering Tibet. In this paper, the human symptomatology dryness characterization index is analysed, and the adaptive dryness response traits of people entering Tibet during the winter and summer are compared. The results show that the sensitivity of different body parts to the dry plateau environment varies, and the sensitivity of the lips, nasal cavity, throat, skin and eyes to relative humidity diminishes in that order. The relative humidity of the skin surface is affected by the air relative humidity and the level of adaptation. The human body adapts to the dry environment about a week after entering Tibet, and the relative humidity of the skin surface increases by about 3% per day. After adaptation, the indoor temperature remains constant, and for every 10% increase in indoor relative humidity, the relative humidity of the human skin surface increases by 8% and 6% in summer and winter, respectively. The increase of air relative humidity in plateau areas leads to an increase in human thermal sensation and has a significant impact on human thermal comfort.
Keywords: high altitude area; dry response; people entering Tibet; adaptation; humidity comfort; thermal sensation;
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