高原建筑室内工作点位个性化供氧关键参数研究
摘要：青藏高原地区空气稀薄、极度缺氧，为人们供氧已成为保障人体心理与身体健康的迫切需求。基于此，本文针对高原建筑室内工作点位提出了个性化供氧策略，通过数值模拟，分析了不同因素影响下工作点位的氧扩散过程。结果表明，风口位置、送风速度及供氧浓度对呼吸区氧气浓度场的分布有显著影响，供氧风口高度不宜低于人体呼吸区高度，风口格栅向上倾斜30°～40°时供氧效果较好，送风速度在0.3～0.4 m/s时较为合适，供氧体积分数在28.1%～31.7%时可满足氧需求。综合以上因素，研究给出了个性化供氧关键参数取值范围，为高原低气压环境下高效供氧方案及参数选择提供参考。
关键词：高原建筑低气压供氧工作点位关键参数数值模拟
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参考文献[1] 肖华军.青藏高原低压缺氧与航空航天增压供氧[C]//2019年铁路卫生防疫学术年会论文集，2019:158- 162.
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[14] 刘艳峰，宋志远，宋聪，等.高海拔地区睡眠环境局部供氧方法及其富氧效果分析[J].暖通空调，2022,52(9):140- 146.
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[2] 杨国愉，冯正直，汪涛.高原缺氧对心理功能的影响及防护[J].中国行为医学科学，2003(4):116- 118.
[3] 杜建英，李学义.急性轻、中度缺氧对人的短时记忆能力的影响[J].航天医学与医学工程，1999(4):38- 41.
[4] 马勇，张西洲.高原急慢性缺氧对人肢体运动功能的影响[J].中国行为医学科学，2000(6):47- 49.
[5] KRAMER A F,COYNE J T,STRAYER D L.Cognitive function at high altitude[J].Human factors,1993,35(2):329.
[6] SHUKITT-HALE B,STILLMAN M J,WELCH D I,et al.Hypobaric hypoxia impairs spatial memory in an elevation dependent fashion[J].Behavioral and neural biology,1994,62(3):244.
[7] WEST J B.Commuting to high altitude:value of oxygen enrichment of room air[J].High altitude medicine & biology,2002,3(2):223- 235.
[8] WEST J B.Working at high altitude:medical problems,misconceptions,and solutions[J].Observatory,2004,124:1- 14.
[9] WANG X M,CHEN H,LI R,et al,The effects of respiratory inhaled drugs on the prevention of acute mountain sickness[J].Medicine,2018,97 (32):1- 7.
[10] 杨世超.弥散氧的开发与应用[J].科技资讯，2013(7):2- 5.
[11] WEST J B.A strategy for oxygen conditioning at high altitude:comparison with air conditioning[J].Journal of applied physiology,2015,119(6):719- 723.
[12] 张人梅.青藏铁路客车冬季车内环境及新风与供氧系统联合运行模式研究[D].成都：西南交通大学，2018:8- 65.
[13] 胡松涛，高玉功，张长兴.青藏铁路客车弥散供氧方式下需氧量的探讨[J].铁道机车车辆，2007,27(1):13- 16.
[14] 刘艳峰，宋志远，宋聪，等.高海拔地区睡眠环境局部供氧方法及其富氧效果分析[J].暖通空调，2022,52(9):140- 146.
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[16] 西藏自治区建筑勘察设计院.西藏自治区民用建筑供暖通风设计标准：DBJ 540002—2016[S].拉萨：[出版者不详],2016:5- 8.
[17] 空军航空医学研究所，中国标准化研究院，北京科技大学，等.高原地区室内空间弥散供氧(氧调)要求：GB/T 35414—2017[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2017:1- 4.
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Study on key parameters of personalized oxygen supply at indoor working points of plateau buildings
Abstract: The air in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is thin and extremely anoxic. It has become an urgent need to provide oxygen for people to ensure their mental and physical health. Based on this, this paper puts forward the strategy of personalized oxygen supply in view of the indoor working point of the plateau buildings. Through numerical simulation, the oxygen diffusion process of the working point under the influence of different factors is analysed. The results show that the air supply outlet position, the air supply velocity and the oxygen supply concentration have a significant effect on the distribution of the oxygen concentration field in the breathing area. The height of the oxygen supply outlet should not be lower than the height of the human breathing area. The oxygen supply effect is better when the air supply outlet grille is tilted upward from 30° to 40°, and the air supply velocity is more appropriate when it is 0.3-0.4 m/s. The oxygen demand can be satisfied when the oxygen supply volume fraction is from 28.1% to 31.7%. Based on the above factors, the value range of the key parameters of personalized oxygen supply is given, which provides a reference for the efficient oxygen supply scheme and parameter selection under the plateau and low air pressure environment.
Keywords: plateau building; low air pressure; oxygen supply; working point; key parameter; numerical simulation;
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