碳中和城市建筑能源系统4):储能篇
摘要：本文是碳中和城市建筑能源系统系列文章的第四篇。在碳中和语境下，无论是增加可再生能源应用的渗透率，还是平抑负荷、提高电网的灵活性，都离不开储能。本文介绍了当今储能技术的主要类型，即电力、电化学、机械、化学和热储能。重点介绍了与建筑和区域能源系统有关的储能技术。提出了用于第5代区域供热供冷系统(能源总线系统)的季节性热储能的概念性方案，并对在能源总线系统规划中如何考量储能应用提出了建议。指出在全球气候变化背景下结合热泵的应用，季节性热储能技术应是今后关注的重点。
关键词：碳中和储能第5代区域供热供冷能源总线季节性热储能
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[3] GÜR T M.Review of electrical energy storage technologies,materials and systems:challenges and prospects for large-scale grid storage[J].Energy environmental science,2018,11:2696- 2767.
[4] IRENA.Thermal energy storage technology brief[R/OL].[2022-08-03].https://www.irena.org/publications/2013/Jan/Thermal-energy-storage.
[5] Battery University.BU-205:types of lithium-ion[EB/OL].[2022-08-03].https://batteryuniversity.com/article/bu-205-types-of-lithium-ion.
[6] 股市大龙猫.中国锂离子电池行业运行情况概要[EB/OL].[2022-08-03].https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/404845519.
[7] GÜR T M.Materials and technologies for energy storage:status,challenges,and opportunities[J].MRS bulletin,2021,46:1153- 1163.
[8] CHOUDHURY S.Review of energy storage system technologies integration to microgrid:types,control strategies,issues,and future prospects[J].Journal of energy storage,2022,48:103966.
[9] Wikipedia.Flywheel energy storage[EB/OL].[2022-08-07].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Example_of_cylindrical_flywheel_rotor_assembly.png.
[10] ZHANG Y,YAN Z,YUAN F,et Al.A novel reconstruction approach to elevator energy conservation based on a DC micro-grid in high-rise buildings[J].Energies,2019,12:33.
[11] 龙惟定.碳中和城市建筑能源系统(1):能源篇[J].暖通空调，2022,52(3):2- 17.
[12] HUTTY T D,DONG S,BROWN S.Suitability of energy storage with reversible solid oxide cells for microgrid applications[J].Energy conversion and management,2020,226:113499.
[13] Wikipedia.Hydrogen technologies[EB/OL].[2022-08-10].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_technologies.
[14] Wikipedia.Carnot battery[EB/OL].[2022-08-13].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot_battery.
[15] DUMONT O,FRATE G F,PILLAI A.Carnot battery technology:a state-of-the-art review[J].Journal of energy storage,2020,32:101756.
[16] 龙惟定，白玮，范蕊，等.疫情之后：能源总线与第5代区域供热供冷系统的发展[J].暖通空调，2020,50(10):1- 13.
[17] SCHMIDT T,PAUSCHINGER T,S∅RENSEN P A,et al.Design aspects for large-scale pit and aquifer thermal energy storage for district heating and cooling[J].Energy procedia,2018,149:585- 594.
[18] HESARAKI A,HOLMBERG S,HAGHIGHAT F.Seasonal thermal energy storage with heat pumps and low temperatures in building projects-a comparative review[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2015,43:1199- 1213.
[19] 贺明飞，王志峰，原郭丰，等.水体型太阳能跨季节储热技术简介[J].建筑节能(中英文),2021,49(10):66- 70.
[20] DAHASH A,OCHS F,TOSATTO A.Techno-economic and exergy analysis of tank and pit thermal energy storage for renewables district heating systems[J].Renewable energy,2021,180:1358- 1379.
[21] HAILU G,HAYES P,MASTELLER M.Seasonal solar thermal energy sand-bed storage in a region with extended freezing periods:part I experimental investigation[J].Energies,2017,10:1873.
[22] GUO F,ZHUA X,ZHANG J,et al.Large-scale living laboratory of seasonal borehole thermal energy storage system for urban district heating[J].Applied energy,2020,264:114763.
[23] KIZILKAN O,DINCER I.Borehole thermal energy storage system for heating applications:thermodynamic performance assessment[J].Energy conversion and management,2015,90:53- 61.
[24] LEE K S.A review on concepts,applications,and models of aquifer thermal energy storage systems[J].Energies,2010,3:1320- 1334.
[25] JONES P.A roadmap to achieve 5 generation heat networks in the UK[C/OL]//5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems.[2022-08-20].https://smartenergysystems.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/17-3_PhilJonesSESAAU2019.pdf.
[26] SAADATIAN O,SOPIAN K,LIM C H,et al.Trombe walls:a review of opportunities and challenges in research and development[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2012,16:6340- 6351.
[27] AHMED O K.Recent advances in photovoltaic-Trombe wall system:a review[M/OL]//TANER T,TIWARI A,USTUN T S.Renewable energy-technologies and applications.[2022-08-20].http//dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90618.
[28] ROMDHANE S B,AMAMOU A,KHALIFA R B,et al.A review on thermal energy storage using phase change materials in passive building applications[J].Journal of building engineering,2020,32:101563.
[29] 龙惟定，潘毅群，王皙.碳中和城市建筑能源系统(3):负荷篇[J].暖通空调，2022,52(9):1- 14.
[30] 龙惟定.碳中和城市建筑能源系统(2):网络篇[J].暖通空调，2022,52(7):1- 17.
[31] STOEGLEHNER G,NEUGEBAUER G,ERKER S,et al.Integrated spatial and energy planning:supporting climate protection and the energy turn with means of spatial planning[M].Switzerland:Springer International Publishing,2016:1- 8.
Building energy system of carbon neutrality cities(4):Energy storage
Abstract: This article is the fourth in a series of articles on the building energy system of carbon neutrality cities. In the context of carbon neutrality, the energy storage technology is indispensable for increasing the penetration of renewable energy applications, leveling loads and improving the flexibility of the grid. This article introduces the main types of energy storage technology today, namely electricity, electrochemical, mechanical, chemical and thermal energy storage. The emphasis on energy storage technology related to buildings and district energy systems is introduced. A conceptual scheme of seasonal thermal energy storage for the 5 th generation district heating and cooling system(energy bus system, Ebus) is presented. Suggestions are made on how to consider energy storage applications in the Ebus planning. It is pointed out that in the context of global climate change, combined with the application of heat pumps, seasonal thermal energy storage technology should be the focus of attention in the future.
Keywords: carbon neutrality; energy storage; 5th generation district heating and cooling system(5GDHC); energy bus(Ebus); seasonal thermal energy storage;
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