基于耗热量分摊模型和博弈分析的三部制供热收费方案研究
摘要：针对分户热计量过程中存在的边角用户耗热量大和邻室传热问题，以天津某居住建筑为研究对象，利用实测和模拟方法计算出一个供暖季内热用户的标准耗热量和邻室传热量，并建立了耗热量分摊模型合理分摊耗热量。基于博弈论思想提出收取附加热费的方法，最终总结出三部制供热收费方案，即基础热费+可变热费+附加热费，其中的公共耗热量分摊方法和热量梯度收费模式增加了用热公平性，为我国推行公平合理的供热收费制度提供参考，利于分户热计量的具体实施。
关键词：分户热计量耗热量分摊模型三部制供热收费邻室传热公共耗热量博弈论数值模拟
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[4] 中华人民共和国节约能源法[J].建筑节能，2010,38(5):6- 11.
[5] 江亿.我国供热节能中的问题和解决途径[J].暖通空调，2006,36(3):37- 41.
[6] 刘兰斌，付林，江亿.我国热计量改革中的主要技术问题分析和通断时间法的由来[J].区域供热，2013(3):56- 63.
[7] LIU L B,FU L,JIANG Y,et al.Major issues and solutions in the heat-metering reform in China[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2011,15(1):673- 680.
[8] 李国斌，冯国会，尚久明，等.供热分户计量耗热量分摊模型研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2007(5):802- 805.
[9] LING J,LI Q,XING J.The influence of apartment location on household space heating consumption in multi-apartment buildings[J].Energy and buildings,2015,103:185- 197.
[10] 毛明强，祁跃利，徐同英，等.分户热计量用户热量位置修正系数的分析计算[J].暖通空调，2012,42(2):18- 21,75.
[11] XUE P,YANG F,ZHANG Y,et al.Quantitative study on adjacent room heat transfer:heating load and influencing factors[J].Sustainable cities and society,2019,51:101720.
[12] LUKIC N,NIKOLIC N,TIMOTIJEVIC S,et al.Influence of an unheated apartment on the heating consumption of residential building considering current regulations:case of Serbia[J].Energy and buildings,2017,155:16- 24.
[13] CANALE L,BATTAGLIA V,FICCO G,et al.Dynamic evaluation of heat thefts due to different thermal performances and operations between adjacent dwellings[J].Applied sciences,2020,10(7):24- 36.
[14] 罗奥，夏建军.供热计量实施条件与路线探究[J].区域供热，2019(1):16- 25.
[15] 罗奥，夏建军，梁炜，等.供热计量收费定价原理与方法的探讨[J].区域供热，2019(6):41- 47.
[16] 曹荣光.居住建筑热计量收费存在的问题及热价优化建议[J].建设科技，2018(6):46- 48.
[17] CANALE L,DELL'ISOLA M,FICCO G,et al.A comprehensive review on heat accounting and cost allocation in residential buildings in EU[J].Energy and buildings,2019,202:109398.
[18] 苏红，刘春生.基于供热计量收费的机制设计的思考[J].区域供热，2021(1):38- 43.
[19] 柴沁虎，丁艳军，袁伟亮，等.不同供热收费模式的经济学分析[J].暖通空调，2006,36(10):39- 41.
[20] CHOLEWA T,SIGGELSTEN S,BALEN I,et al.Heat cost allocation in buildings:possibilities,problems and solutions[J].Journal of building engineering,2020,31:101349.
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Research on three-part heating charging scheme based on a heat consumption allocation model and game analysis
Abstract: Aiming at the problems of large heat consumption of corner users and heat transfer of adjacent rooms in the process of household heat metering, taking a residential building in Tianjin as the research object, the standard heat consumption and adjacent room heat transfer of heat users in a heating season are calculated by measurement and simulation, and a heat consumption allocation model is established to allocate heat reasonably. Based on the idea of game theory, the method of collecting additional heating fee is put forward, and finally, the three-part heating charging scheme is summarized, which includes basic heating fee, variable heating fee and additional heating fee. The public heat consumption allocation method and the heat gradient charging model in the scheme increase the fairness of heat consumption, which provides a reference for our country to implement a fair and reasonable heating charging system and is conducive to the specific implementation of household heat metering.
Keywords: household heat metering; heat consumption allocation model; three-part heating charging; adjacent room heat transfer; public heat consumption; game theory; numerical simulation;
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