防烟楼梯间及独立前室加压送风系统的设计方案优选
摘要：加压送风是可靠的防烟方式，可在火灾发生时有效阻挡火灾烟气进入防烟部位。利用理论分析方法，对楼梯间与独立前室分别机械加压送风、仅对楼梯间机械加压送风而仅有一个开启门的独立前室不送风、仅对独立前室机械加压送风而楼梯间采用可开启外窗通风3种方式进行研究，分析了3种加压送风方式的气流规律，给出了加压送风各个流向的风量、压差、风速的计算公式。以一计算实例具体分析，给出了防烟楼梯间及独立前室加压送风系统的设计方案优选过程，并扩展了不同建筑层数的计算结果及方案优选结果。
关键词：防烟楼梯间独立前室加压送风系统方案优选超压
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参考文献[1] 公安部四川消防研究所.建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准：GB 51251—2017[S].北京：中国计划出版社，2017:7- 15.
[2] 陆亚俊.防烟楼梯间和前室加压送风系统的设计问题：空调设计(第2辑)[M].长沙：湖南科技出版社，1997:102- 103.
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[5] 中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范：GB 50736—2012[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2012:15.
[6] 王砚玲，高甫生.高层建筑火灾时同时开启门数量的确定[J].暖通空调，2005,35(8):86- 90.
[2] 陆亚俊.防烟楼梯间和前室加压送风系统的设计问题：空调设计(第2辑)[M].长沙：湖南科技出版社，1997:102- 103.
[3] 王芳，陆亚俊.防烟楼梯间和合用前室同时加压送风系统的设计问题[J].建筑热能通风空调，1999(1):40- 42.
[4] 伍悦斌，朱蒙生.工程流体力学泵与风机[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2005:152.
[5] 中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范：GB 50736—2012[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2012:15.
[6] 王砚玲，高甫生.高层建筑火灾时同时开启门数量的确定[J].暖通空调，2005,35(8):86- 90.
Optimization of design schemes for pressurized air supply systems in smoke-preventing staircases and independent anterooms
Abstract: As a reliable way to prevent smoke, pressurized air supply can effectively prevent fire smoke from entering the smoke-proof part when a fire occurs in buildings. This paper analyses three pressurized air supply methods in the smoke-preventing staircase and independent anteroom: 1) the staircase and the independent anteroom are separately mechanically pressurized; 2) only the staircase is mechanically pressurized and supplied while the independent anteroom has only one door; 3) only the independent anteroom is mechanically pressurized and the staircase adopts openable external windows for ventilation. This paper analyses the airflow rules of the three pressurized air supply methods, and gives the calculation formulas of air volume, pressure difference, and wind speed in each flow direction. The research uses a calculation example to analyse in detail, and gives the optimization process of three design schemes. Further, results have been extended to different building floors, and conclusions are provided based on various cases.
Keywords: smoke-preventing staircase; independent anteroom; pressurized air supply system; scheme optimization; overpressure;
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