基于多区模型的住宅公共烟道倒烟现象研究
摘要：为研究住宅厨房公共烟道倒烟现象的产生原因，本文采用Modelica语言建立了公共烟道动态仿真多区模型，以现场测量值进行了验证，仿真得到了不同工况下多层、小高层、高层住宅厨房公共烟道内静压分布情况和各层的排烟效果，定量分析了倒烟现象对室内空气品质的影响。结果表明，当前油烟机防倒烟止回阀装置的密封性有局限，高层建筑在油烟机开机率较大时难以达到预期效果，需在止回阀性能、导向负压式排烟管道设计及油烟机排风自动增压技术上进一步改善。
关键词：多区模型住宅厨房烟道倒烟现象建筑模拟
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[3] JULIETA B,CAROLINA G,CARLOS D.On high-rise residential buildings in an oasis-city:thermal and energy assessment of different envelope materiality above and below tree canopy[J].Energy and buildings,2016,113:61- 73.
[4] 徐文华，沈雪峰.住宅厨房排烟的研究及系统设计方法[J].建筑热能通风空调，2001,20(1):46- 48.
[5] 于振峰，徐峥，吴大农，等.深圳地区超高层住宅厨房排油烟道设计探讨[J].暖通空调，2022,52(8):49- 52,68.
[6] LI A G,ZHANG W Q,GAO M X.Field test and CFD modeling for flow characteristics in central cooking exhaust shaft of a high-rise residential building[J].Energy and buildings,2017,147:210- 223.
[7] HAN H,SHIN C Y,BAEK C I.Correlations of control parameters determining pressure distributions in a vertical exhaust shaft[J].Building and environment,2010,45(9):1951- 1958.
[8] 辛月琪.高层住宅厨房烟道排风系统研究[D].上海：同济大学，2005:27- 36.
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[11] 中国建筑设计研究院.住宅设计规范：GB 50096—2011[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2011:26- 27.
[12] 焦春玲，苏伟.高层住宅厨房集中排烟道系统烟气热压作用研究[J].洁净与空调技术，2013(4):46- 49.
[13] 中国市政工程华北设计研究院.城镇燃气设计规范：GB 50028—2020[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2020:136.
[14] YANG Y X,WANG Z C,LI X F,et al.Factors influencing the airflow rate of kitchens in cooking exhaust shaft system of high-rise residential buildings[J].Journal of building engineering,2021,33:101559.
[15] 王海超.高层住宅厨房集中排烟气道系统导流构件实验与模拟研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学，2013:26- 27.
[16] 周金辉.住宅厨房排烟量的确定及烟道形式对烟气流动影响[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学，2014:40- 51.
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[18] LIU J J,DAI X L,LI X D,et al.Indoor air quality and occupants' ventilation habits in China:seasonal measurement and long-term monitoring[J].Building and environment,2018,142:119- 129.
[19] ZHANG D C,LIU J J,JIA L Z,et al.Speciation of VOCs in the cooking fumes from five edible oils and their corresponding health risk assessments[J].Atmospheric environment,2019,211:6- 17.
[20] HUANG Y,HO S,HO K,et al.Characteristics and health impacts of VOCs and carbonyls associated with residential cooking activities in Hong Kong[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2011,186(1):344- 351.
Research on oil fume reflux phenomenon in residential central exhaust shaft based on multi-zone model
Abstract: In order to study the causes of oil fume reflux phenomenon in central exhaust shaft of residential kitchens, this paper establishes a multi-zone model of central exhaust shaft using the Modelica language, and then uses field measurement values as verification to simulate the static pressure distribution of central exhaust shaft in low-rise, mid-rise and high-rise buildings under different opening rates, which can quantitatively analyse the impact of the oil fume reflux and odor migration on indoor air quality. The results show that the tightness of the current range hood anti-inverted smoke check valve device is limited, and it is difficult for high-rise buildings to achieve the expected effect when the range hood opening rate is large. Further improvement needs to be made in the performance of backdraft dampers, the design of guided negative pressure central exhaust shaft and the automatic pressurization technology of range hood exhaust.
Keywords: multi-zone model; residential building; kitchen exhaust shaft; oil fume reflux phenomenon; building simulation;
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