微生物气溶胶的特性——兼论新型冠状病毒传播的防护
摘要：阐明了气溶胶与飞沫的异同及相互联系，指出气溶胶飞沫是新型冠状病毒的主要传播方式。详细论述了微生物气溶胶的6种特性，并提出了4项防护措施。
关键词：气溶胶飞沫微生物气溶胶新型冠状病毒防护措施
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参考文献参考文献
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[1] 沈晋明，刘燕敏.探讨新冠病毒传播方式及防控对策[J].暖通空调，2021,51(10):69-76.
[2] VERREAULT D,MOINEAU S,DUCHAINE C.Methods for sampling of airborne viruses[J].Microbiology and molecular biology reviews,2008,72(3):413-444.
[3] CHEN W Z,QIAN H,ZHANG N,et al.Extended short-range airborne transmission of respiratory infections[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2021,422:126837.
[4] 王灿.气载致病微生物和空气消毒技术[EB/OL].[2021-09-10].https://www.sohu.com/a/370256698_649223.
[5] 许钟麟.隔离病房设计原理[M].北京：科学出版社，2006:8-17.
[6] 医学名词审定委员会，地方病学名词审定分委员会.地方病学名词[M].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2016.
[7] 239科学家公开信：新冠可空气传播，WHO应更新防护指南[EB/OL].[2021-05-10].https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1671456981156509770&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[8] 世卫组织承认新冠病毒或借空气传播：证据正在浮现[EB/OL].[2021-11-28].http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/ dgby/ 2020- 07- 09/ doc- iircuyvk2823620.shtml.
[9] 北大要茂盛教授团队在传染病顶级期刊阐述新冠传播机制[EB/OL].[2021-11-28].http://pkunews.pku.edu.cn/ pub/ pkunews/ jxky/ d845a55c3071402e87154591565fbeab.htm.
[10] MA J X,QI X,CHEN H X,et al.Coronavirus disease 2019 patients in earlier stages exhaled millions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 per hour[J].Clinical infectious diseases,2021,72(10):65.
[11] 钟南山透露SARS病毒可通过空气中的气溶胶传播[EB/OL].[2021-11-28].http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-06-09/19576128531s.shtml.
[12] 变异病毒传播力有多强?广州两病例厕所相遇14秒感染![EB/OL].[2021-11-28].https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1703442392331269894&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[13] 陈宁庆.生物武器的防护医学[M].北京：人民军医出版社，1991:91-107.
[14] 于玺华，车凤翔.现代空气微生物学及采检鉴技术[M].北京：军事医学科学出版社，1998:10-48.
[15] 于玺华.现代空气微生物学[M].北京：人民军医出版社，2002:8-11.
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Characteristics of microbial aerosols and protection against spread of novel coronavirus
Abstract: The similarities, differences and mutual relations between aerosols and droplets are clarified. It is pointed out that aerosol droplets are the main way of spreading novel coronavirus. Six characteristics of microbial aerosols are discussed in detail, and four protective measures are proposed.
Keywords: aerosol; droplet; microbial aerosol; novel coronavirus; protective measure;
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