面向产品设计的空调设备性能仿真方法
摘要：本文的目的是探讨如何按照空调产品设计的需求，开发合适的计算机仿真技术。强调了可实用的仿真软件需要同时做到模型精确、求解快速、操作便捷。列举了满足不同设计需求的空调器整机及部件仿真方法，包括用于高效换热器和换热翅片设计的仿真方法、用于空调器整机高能效指标设计的稳态仿真方法、用于空调控制策略优化的动态仿真方法、服务于空调设备仿真的制冷剂物性快速计算方法、用于空调换热器长效设计的仿真方法，以及提升仿真智能化的方法。
关键词：空调仿真设计优化换热器
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[27] 丁国良，张春路，李灏，等.反应系数与传递函数的合成及室温计算[J].暖通空调，1999,29(5):67- 68.
[28] 张春路，丁国良，陈芝久.空调动态负荷变步长计算方法研究[J].上海交通大学学报，1999,33(3):251- 254.
[29] 吴志东，刘韧.房间空调器长效节能影响因素及其评价体系研究[J].日用电器，2014(11):58- 62.
[30] 詹飞龙，丁国良，赵夫峰，等.空调换热器长效性能衰减的研究进展[J].制冷学报，2015,36(3):17- 23.
[31] 张桃，周拨，赵夫峰，等.房间空调器性能衰减(稳定性)研究[J].制冷与空调，2015,15(5):17- 21.
[32] ZHAN F L,ZHUANG D W,DING G L,et al.Numerical model of particle deposition on fin surface of heat exchanger[J].International journal of refrigeration,2016,72:27- 40.
[33] ZHAN F L,ZHUANG D W,DING G L,et al.Influence of wet-particle deposition on air-side heat transfer and pressure drop of fin-and-tube heat exchangers[J].International journal of heat and mass transfer,2018,124:1230- 1244.
[34] 唐小谦，陈焕新，郭亚宾.基于数据挖掘的多联机能耗预测[J].制冷技术，2020,40(3):8- 12,23.
[35] DING G L,ZHANG C L,ZHAN T.An approximate integral model with an artificial neural network for heat exchangers[J].Heat transfer—Asia research,2004,33(3):153- 160.
[36] DING G L,LI H,ZHANG C L.Study on thermodynamic model of a compressor with artificial neural networks[J].Chinese journal of mechanical engineering,1999,12(1):23- 26.
[37] 丁国良，张春路，刘浩.基于模型和神经网络的绝热毛细管快速仿真方法[J].工程热物理学报，2000,21(2):134- 137.
[38] 丁国良，张春路，李灏.制冷系统仿真中定量参数的神经网络辨识[J].上海交通大学学报，1999,33(8):939- 941.
[39] WU Z G,DING G L,WANG K J,et al.Knowledge-based evolution method for optimizing refrigerant circuitry of fin-and-tube heat exchangers[J].HVAC&R research,2008,14(3):435- 452.
[40] DING G L.Recent developments in simulation techniques for vapour-compression refrigeration systems[J].International journal of refrigeration,2007,30(7):1119- 1133.
[2] 丁国良，张春路.制冷空调装置仿真与优化[M].北京：科学出版社，2001:1- 7.
[3] 丁国良，张春路.制冷空调装置智能仿真[M].北京：科学出版社，2002:1- 9.
[4] DHAR M,SOEDEL W.Transient analysis of a vapor compression refrigeration system[C]//Proc XV IIR Conf Commission B2,Venice,Italy,1979.
[5] CHI J,DIDION D.A simulation of the transient performance of a heat pump[J].International journal of refrigeration,1982,5(3):176- 184.
[6] 丁国良，欧阳华，李鸿光.制冷空调装置数字化设计技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2008:15- 26.
[7] 丁国良，张春路，赵力.制冷空调新工质：热物理性质的计算方法与实用图表[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社，2003:28- 30.
[8] CLELAND A C.Polynomial curve-fits for refrigerant thermodynamic properties:extension to include R134a[J].International journal of refrigeration,1994,17(4):245- 249.
[9] 张绍志，王剑锋，陈光明.非共沸混合制冷剂两相区热力学性质的拟合[J].流体机械，2000,28(1):59- 61.
[10] DING G L,WU Z G,LIU J,et al.An implicit curve-fitting method for fast calculation of thermal properties of pure and mixed refrigerants[J].International journal of refrigeration,2005,28(6):921- 932.
[11] DING G L,HAN W Z,ZHAO D,et al.Extension of the implicit curve-fitting method for fast calculation of thermodynamic properties of subcooled refrigerants[J].HVAC&R research,2009,15 (5):875- 888.
[12] WANG T T,DING C,DING G L,et al.A fast calculation method of thermodynamic properties of variable-composition natural gas mixtures in the supercritical pressure region based on implicit curve-fitting[J].Journal of natural gas science and engineering,2017,43:96- 109.
[13] ZHUANG D W,DING G L,HU H T,et al.Condensing droplet behaviors on fin surface under dehumidifying condition:part I:numerical model[J].Applied thermal engineering,2016,105(25):336- 344.
[14] ZHUANG D W,DING G L,HU H T,et al.Condensing droplet behaviors on fin surface under dehumidifying condition:part II:experimental validation[J].Applied thermal engineering,2016,105(25):345- 352.
[15] 任滔，丁国良，王婷婷.制冷剂-空气热交换器集成式数字化设计软件[J].制冷学报，2012,33(2):24- 30.
[16] LIU J,WEI W J,DING G L,et al.A general steady state mathematical model for fin-and-tube heat exchanger based on graph theory[J].International journal of refrigeration,2004,27:965- 973.
[17] WU Z G,DING G L,WANG K J,et al.An extension of a steady-state model for fin-and-tube heat exchangers to include those using capillary tubes for flow control[J].HVAC&R research,2008,14 (1):85- 101.
[18] 龙慧芳，丁国良，董洪州，等.基于数据库和可视化技术的翅片管换热器仿真[J].计算机工程，2006,32 (20):261- 263,283.
[19] WU Z G,DING G L,WANG K J,et al.Application of a genetic algorithm to optimize the refrigerant circuit of fin-and-tube heat exchangers for maximum heat transfer or shortest tube[J].International journal of thermal sciences,2008,47:985- 997.
[20] 王康硕，任滔，杨怀毅，等.空调换热器组件的仿真与图形生成一体化平台开发[J].制冷技术[J],2019,39(4):39- 45.
[21] WU G M,REN T,DING G L.A fast prediction method for maximum APF of heat pump type air conditioners based on a single group of experimental data[J].International journal of refrigeration,2020,115:126- 138.
[22] SUN H R,DING G L,HU H T.A general simulation model for variable refrigerant flow multi-split air conditioning system based on graph theory[J].International journal of refrigeration,2017,82:22- 35.
[23] STEPHENSON D G,MITALAS G P.Cooling load calculation by thermal response factors[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE Transactions 1967:III.1.Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc,1967:1- 7.
[24] STEPHENSON D G,MITALAS G P.Calculation of heat conduction transfer functions for multi-layer slabs[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE Transactions 1971:part 2.Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc,1971:117- 126.
[25] HAGHIGHAT F,LIANG H.Determination of transient heat conduction through building envelopes:a review[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE Transactions 1992:part 1.Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc,1992:284- 290.
[26] 丁国良，张春路，陈芝久.空调动态负荷计算方法的状态空间重构[J].科学通报，1996,41(23):2198- 2200.
[27] 丁国良，张春路，李灏，等.反应系数与传递函数的合成及室温计算[J].暖通空调，1999,29(5):67- 68.
[28] 张春路，丁国良，陈芝久.空调动态负荷变步长计算方法研究[J].上海交通大学学报，1999,33(3):251- 254.
[29] 吴志东，刘韧.房间空调器长效节能影响因素及其评价体系研究[J].日用电器，2014(11):58- 62.
[30] 詹飞龙，丁国良，赵夫峰，等.空调换热器长效性能衰减的研究进展[J].制冷学报，2015,36(3):17- 23.
[31] 张桃，周拨，赵夫峰，等.房间空调器性能衰减(稳定性)研究[J].制冷与空调，2015,15(5):17- 21.
[32] ZHAN F L,ZHUANG D W,DING G L,et al.Numerical model of particle deposition on fin surface of heat exchanger[J].International journal of refrigeration,2016,72:27- 40.
[33] ZHAN F L,ZHUANG D W,DING G L,et al.Influence of wet-particle deposition on air-side heat transfer and pressure drop of fin-and-tube heat exchangers[J].International journal of heat and mass transfer,2018,124:1230- 1244.
[34] 唐小谦，陈焕新，郭亚宾.基于数据挖掘的多联机能耗预测[J].制冷技术，2020,40(3):8- 12,23.
[35] DING G L,ZHANG C L,ZHAN T.An approximate integral model with an artificial neural network for heat exchangers[J].Heat transfer—Asia research,2004,33(3):153- 160.
[36] DING G L,LI H,ZHANG C L.Study on thermodynamic model of a compressor with artificial neural networks[J].Chinese journal of mechanical engineering,1999,12(1):23- 26.
[37] 丁国良，张春路，刘浩.基于模型和神经网络的绝热毛细管快速仿真方法[J].工程热物理学报，2000,21(2):134- 137.
[38] 丁国良，张春路，李灏.制冷系统仿真中定量参数的神经网络辨识[J].上海交通大学学报，1999,33(8):939- 941.
[39] WU Z G,DING G L,WANG K J,et al.Knowledge-based evolution method for optimizing refrigerant circuitry of fin-and-tube heat exchangers[J].HVAC&R research,2008,14(3):435- 452.
[40] DING G L.Recent developments in simulation techniques for vapour-compression refrigeration systems[J].International journal of refrigeration,2007,30(7):1119- 1133.
Practical simulation techniques for design of air conditioning appliances Ding Guoliang
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how to develop suitable simulation techniques for the design of air conditioning appliances. Principles for development of practical simulation tools are proposed, i.e. model should be accurate, computation should be fast, and software operation should be convenient. Some simulation techniques that have been applied in product development are presented, including the simulation method for heat exchanger design and fin design, the steady-state simulation method for design of air conditioners, the dynamic simulation method for control strategy development of air conditioners, the fast calculation method for refrigerant thermodynamic properties, the simulation method for the thermal performance attenuation, and the intelligent simulation methods.
Keywords: air conditioning; simulation; design; optimization; heat exchanger;
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