基于大涡模拟的人体呼出气溶胶颗粒运动规律研究
摘要：考虑了不同呼吸模式 (持续呼气与间歇呼吸) 和不同通风情况 (通风与无通风) , 运用大涡模型对坐姿女性人体鼻呼吸产生的气溶胶颗粒的运动规律进行了数值模拟, 对比分析了不同工况下的热羽流、呼吸域流场及气溶胶颗粒扩散特性。结果表明:无通风情况下的持续呼气模式与间歇呼吸模式呼出的气溶胶颗粒运动规律很接近;通风情况下间歇呼吸模式呼出的气溶胶颗粒的扩散距离更远, 持续呼气模式呼出的气溶胶颗粒的最大浓度更高, 而间歇呼吸模式下的吸气过程会回吸总量7%11%的气溶胶颗粒;在扩散一定时间后, 通风增大了气溶胶颗粒的最大传播直线距离, 但是短时间内气溶胶颗粒的排除量能达到25%以上。
关键词：大涡模拟 鼻呼吸 气溶胶颗粒 持续呼气 间歇呼吸 通风 运动规律
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[2]YANG C, YANG X, ZHAO B.Person to person droplets transmission characteristics in unidirectional ventilated protective isolation room:the impact of initial droplet size[J].Building Simulation, 2016, 9 (5) :597-606
[3]LICINA D, MELIKOV A, PANTELIC J, et al.Human convection flow in spaces with and without ventilation:personal exposure to floor-released particles and cough-released droplets[J].Indoor Air, 2015, 25 (6) :672-682
[4]IVANOV M, MIJORSKI S.CFD modelling of flow interaction in the breathing zone of a virtual thermal manikin[J].Energy Procedia, 2017, 112:240-251
[5]WEI J, TANG J W, Borojeni A A T, et al.Low reinhalation of the exhaled flow during normal nasal breathing in a pediatric airway replica[J].Building and Environment, 2016, 97:40-47
[6]POON C K M, LAI A C K.An experimental study quantifying pulmonary ventilation on inhalation of aerosol under steady and episodic emission[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 192 (3) :1299-1306
[7]TIAN Z F, TU J Y, YEOH G H, et al.On the numerical study of contaminant particle concentration in indoor airflow[J].Building and Environment, 2006, 41 (11) :1504-1514
[8]HU C H, OHBA M, YOSHIE R.CFD modelling of unsteady cross ventilation flows using LES[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2008, 96 (10) :1692-1706
[9]LIN C H, HORSTMAN R H, AHLERS M F, et al.Numerical simulation of airflow and airborne pathogen transport in aircraft cabins—partⅠ:numerical simulation of the flow field[G]∥ASHRAE Trans, 2005, 111 (1) :755-763
[10]BERROUK A S, LAI A C K, CHEUNG A C T, et al.Experimental measurements and large eddy simulation of expiratory droplet dispersion in a mechanically ventilated enclosure with thermal effects[J].Building and Environment, 2010, 45 (2) :371-379
[11]NG K C, AZIZ M A A, NG E Y K.On the effect of turbulent intensity towards the accuracy of the zeroequation turbulence model for indoor airflow application[J].Building and Environment, 2011, 46 (1) :82-88
[12]PHUONG N L, ITO K.Investigation of flow pattern in upper human airway including oral and nasal inhalation by PIV and CFD[J].Building and Environment, 2015, 94:504-515
[13]BLOCKEN B, STATHOPOULOS T, VAN B J.Pedestrian-level wind conditions around buildings:review of wind-tunnel and CFD techniques and their accuracy for wind comfort assessment[J].Building and Environment, 2016, 100:50-81
[14]王兵, 张会强, 王希麟, 等.不同亚格子模式在后台阶湍流流动大涡模拟中的应用[J].工程热物理学报, 2003, 24 (1) :157-160
[15]俞建阳, 王若玉, 陈浮, 等.不同亚格子模型的对比分析及其运用[J].工程热物理学报, 2016, 37 (11) :2311-2318
[16]MORSI S A, ALEXANDER A J.An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1972, 55 (2) :193-208
[17]BIVOLAROVA M, ONDRACEK J, MELIKOV A, et al.A comparison between tracer gas and aerosol particles distribution indoors:the impact of ventilation rate, interaction of airflows, and presence of objects[J].Indoor Air, 2017, 27 (6) :1201-1212
[18]YANG C, YANG X, ZHAO B.The ventilation needed to control thermal plume and particle dispersion from manikins in a unidirectional ventilated protective isolation room[J].Building Simulation, 2015, 8 (5) :551-565
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[20]GUPTA J K, LIN C H, CHEN Q.Characterizing exhaled airflow from breathing and talking[J].Indoor Air, 2010, 20 (1) :31-39
[21]BJORN E, NIELSEN P V.Dispersal of exhaled air and personal exposure in displacement ventilated rooms[J].Indoor Air, 2002, 12 (3) :147-164
[22]PAPINENI R S, ROSENTHAL F S.The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects[J].Journal of Aerosol Medicine, 1997, 10 (2) :105-116
[23]MORAWSKA L, JOHNSON G R, RISTOVSKI Z D, et al.Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities[J].Journal of Aerosol Science, 2009, 40 (3) :256-269
[24]WAN G H, WU C L, CHEN Y F, et al.Particle size concentration distribution and influences on exhaled breath particles in mechanically ventilated patients[J].Plos One, 2014, 9 (1) :e87088
[25]LICINA D, PANTELIC J, MELIKOV A, et al.Experimental investigation of the human convective boundary layer in a quiescent indoor environment[J].Building and Environment, 2014, 75:79-91
[26]XU C, NIELSEN P V, LIU L, et al.Human exhalation characterization with the aid of schlieren imaging technique[J].Building and Environment, 2017, 112:190-199
[27]SORENSEN D N, VOIGT L K.Modelling flow and heat transfer around a seated human body by computational fluid dynamics[J].Building and Environment, 2003, 38 (6) :753-762
[28]CRAVEN B A, SETTLES G S.A computational and experimental investigation of the human thermal plume[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2006, 128 (6) :1251-1258
[29]SALMANZADEH M, ZAHEDI G, AHMADI G, et al.Computational modeling of effects of thermal plume adjacent to the body on the indoor airflow and particle transport[J].Journal of Aerosol Science, 2012, 53 (2) :29-39
[30]VOELKER C, MAEMPEL S, KORNADT O.Measuring the human bodys microclimate using a thermal manikin[J].Indoor Air, 2014, 24 (6) :567-579
Motion law of exhaled aerosol particle based on numerical simulation of large eddy model
Abstract: Numerically simulates the aerosol particle diffusion produced by nasal breathing of seated women, considering different breathing patterns (continuous exhaling and intermittent breathing) and different ventilation conditions (ventilation and without ventilation) .Compares and analyses the thermal plume, respiratory flow field and aerosol particle diffusion characteristics in different conditions.The results show that without ventilation, the motion laws of the aerosol particles of continuous exhaling is closed to that of intermittent breathing, but in the ventilation condition, the diffusion distance of the aerosol particles of intermittent breathing is longer, the maximum concentration of the aerosol particles of continuous exhaling is higher and the inhalation process in intermittent breathing mode sucks 7%to 11% of the total amount of aerosol particles.After a certain time of diffusion, the ventilation extends the maximum linear distance of the aerosol particles, but the aerosol particles can be removed by more than25%in a short time.
Keywords: large eddy simulation; nasal breathing; aerosol particle; continuous exhaling; intermittent breathing; ventilation; motion law;
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