人工环境中“舒适”的医学意义——关于舒适与健康的思考
摘要：当今社会，人工环境的营造日渐受到重视。室内环境不仅应满足舒适性的要求，更应考虑其动态变化对人体健康与免疫力的潜在影响。本文以人居环境营造为出发点，结合已有的文献研究与中西医观点，首先列举了外部环境对人体健康及体内环境的影响，其次介绍了“舒适”营造对提高机体健康水平的作用，最后从宏观上阐述了物理环境中“舒适”对人体健康的医学意义，为本专业同医学的交叉研究提供新思路。
关键词：人工环境学舒适度医学人体健康免疫力
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[25] SLAVISH D C,GRAHAM-ENGELAND J E,SMYTH J M,et al.Salivary markers of inflammation in response to acute stress[J].Brain,behavior,and immunity,2015,44:253- 269.
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[29] PALLUBINSKY H,KINGMA B R M,SCHELLEN L,et al.The effect of warmth acclimation on behaviour,thermophysiology and perception[J].Building research & information,2017,45(7):800- 807.
[30] HANSSEN M J W,HOEKS J,BRANS B,et al.Short-term cold acclimation improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Nature medicine,2015,21(8):863- 865.
[31] REMIE C M E,MOONEN M P B,ROUMANS K H M,et al.Metabolic responses to mild cold acclimation in type 2 diabetes patients[J].Nature communications,2021,12(1):1516.
[32] GORDON K,BLONDIN D P,FRIESEN B J,et al.Seven days of cold acclimation substantially reduces shivering intensity and increases nonshivering thermogenesis in adult humans[J].Journal of applied physiology,2019,126(6):1598- 1606.
[2] 李先庭，石文星.人工环境学[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2006:1- 2.
[3] 冯锡文，何春霞，方赵嵩，等.室外热舒适的研究现状[J].建筑科学，2017,33(12):152- 158.
[4] 梁平，胡松涛，鹿铭理，等.基于疲劳度、工作效率及节能的光环境研究[J].济南大学学报(自然科学版),2021(3):1- 5.
[5] 管宏宇，胡松涛，刘国丹，等.基于听觉诱发电位的不同声环境下人员声舒适度机理及实验研究[J].科学技术与工程，2018,18(28):195- 199.
[6] 喻伟，赵栩远，李百战.《健康建筑评价标准》舒适章节解读：热舒适[J].建筑技术，2018,49(5):489- 492.
[7] 曹栖源.内环境稳态与疾病的概述[J].保健文汇，2020(6):37,39.
[8] SCHOUTEN W,VERSCHUUR R,KEMPER H.Habitual physical activity,strenuous exercise,and salivary immunoglobulin A levels in young adults:the Amsterdam growth and health study[J].International journal of sports medicine,1988,9(4):289- 293.
[9] TOMASI T B,TRUDEAU F B,CZERWINSKI D,et al.Immune parameters in athletes before and after strenuous exercise[J].Journal of clinical immunology,1982,2(3):173- 178.
[10] THARP G D,BARNES M W.Reduction of saliva immunoglobulin levels by swim training[J].European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology,1990,60(1):61- 64.
[11] 张田勘.体温决定健康[N].科学时报，2011-05-12(B01).
[12] 袁卓珺.阳虚体质、阴虚体质与脾胃虚寒证、胃阴亏虚证的代谢组学比较研究[D].北京：中医药大学，2011:40.
[13] ZANGHERI P,PAGLIANO L,ARMANI R,et al.Thermal compliance in existing buildings:a practical report detailing lessons learned[R].London:London Metropolitan University,2010:1- 7.
[14] JIANG Y,LUO Z Q,WANG Z B,et al.Review of thermal comfort infused with the latest big data and modeling progresses in public health[J].Building and environment,2019,164:106336.
[15] FINAMORE A,PELUSO I,CAULI O.Salivary stress/immunological markers in crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis[J].International journal of molecular sciences,2020,21(22):8562.
[16] ZHANG X X,HU S T,LIU R J,et al.Study on the relationship between thermal comfort and S-IgE based on short-term exposure to temperature[J].Building and environment,2022,216:108983.
[17] KOHN J N,KOSCIOLEK T,MAROTZ C,et al.Differing salivary microbiome diversity,community and diurnal rhythmicity in association with affective state and peripheral inflammation in adults[J].Brain,behavior,and immunity,2020,87:591- 602.
[18] KARIYAWASAM A P,DAWES C.A circannual rhythm in unstimulated salivary flow rate when the ambient temperature varies by only about 2 degrees C[J].Archives of oral biology,2005,50(10):919- 922.
[19] MATSUZAKI K,SUGIMOTO N,ISLAM R,et al.Salivary immunoglobulin A secretion and polymeric Ig receptor expression in the submandibular glands are enhanced in heat-acclimated rats[J].International journal of molecular sciences,2020,21(3):815- 831.
[20] SUGIMOTO N,MATSUZAKI K,ISHIBASHI H,et al.Upregulation of aquaporin expression in the salivary glands of heat-acclimated rats[J].Scientific reports,2013,3:1763.
[21] KOKOLUS K M,CAPITANO M L,LEE C T,et al.Baseline tumor growth and immune control in laboratory mice are significantly influenced by subthermoneutral housing temperature[J].Proceedings of the national academy of sciences,2013,110(50):20176- 20181.
[22] RUPP R F,VASQUEZ N G,LAMBERTS R.A review of human thermal comfort in the built environment[J].Energy and buildings,2015,105:178- 205.
[23] YAO Y,LIAN Z W,LIU W W,et al,Experimental study on physiological responses and thermal comfort under various ambient temperatures[J].Physiology & behavior,2008,93(1/2):310- 321.
[24] FAN X J,LIU W W,WARGOCKI P.Physiological and psychological reactions of sub-tropically acclimatized subjects exposed to different indoor temperatures at a relative humidity of 70%[J].Indoor air,2018,29(2):215- 230.
[25] SLAVISH D C,GRAHAM-ENGELAND J E,SMYTH J M,et al.Salivary markers of inflammation in response to acute stress[J].Brain,behavior,and immunity,2015,44:253- 269.
[26] HANKENSON F C,MARX J O,GORDON C J,et al.Effects of rodent thermoregulation on animal models in the research environment[J].Comparative medicine,2018,68(6):425- 438.
[27] ENG J W,REED C B,KOKOLUS K M,et al.Housing temperature-induced stress drives therapeutic resistance in murine tumour models through beta2-adrenergic receptor activation[J].Nature communications,2015,6:6426.
[28] ZHU Y X.How to create a healthy and comfortable indoor thermal environment:exploration on the relationship between the built environment and human comfort and health[J].World architecture,2021,3(9):42- 45.
[29] PALLUBINSKY H,KINGMA B R M,SCHELLEN L,et al.The effect of warmth acclimation on behaviour,thermophysiology and perception[J].Building research & information,2017,45(7):800- 807.
[30] HANSSEN M J W,HOEKS J,BRANS B,et al.Short-term cold acclimation improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Nature medicine,2015,21(8):863- 865.
[31] REMIE C M E,MOONEN M P B,ROUMANS K H M,et al.Metabolic responses to mild cold acclimation in type 2 diabetes patients[J].Nature communications,2021,12(1):1516.
[32] GORDON K,BLONDIN D P,FRIESEN B J,et al.Seven days of cold acclimation substantially reduces shivering intensity and increases nonshivering thermogenesis in adult humans[J].Journal of applied physiology,2019,126(6):1598- 1606.
Medical significance of “comfort” in artificial environment:Thinking about comfort and health
Abstract: In today's society, the creation of an artificial environment is getting more and more attention. The indoor environment should not only meet the requirements of comfort, but also consider the potential impact of its dynamic changes on human health and immunity. This article takes the construction of human settlements as the starting point, combining the existing literature research and the viewpoints of Chinese and Western medicine. Firstly, it enumerates the impact of the external environment on human health and internal environment. Secondly, it presents the role of “comfort” creation in improving the body's health. Finally, it explains the medical significance of “comfort” in the physical environment to human health from a macro perspective. It provides new ideas for the cross-study of this profession and medicine.
Keywords: artificial environment; comfort; medicine; human health; immunity;
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