重庆地区近10年住宅环境因素与儿童过敏性疾病的关联变化
摘要：基于2010年和2019年重庆地区住宅环境与儿童健康重复大样本横断面调研数据，采用二元logistic回归对比分析了10年前后住宅环境因素与儿童过敏性疾病的关联变化。结果显示：与10年前相比，很多与儿童过敏性疾病显著相关的因素在10年后并未呈现显著性，如住宅位置、住宅建筑类型、住宅建筑面积、怀孕期间重新装修、卫生间安装有机械通风设备；部分对儿童过敏性疾病无显著影响的因素在10年后调研中显著增加了儿童过敏性疾病患病风险，如室内购置新家具、住宅周边环境为工业区、儿童卧室墙壁材料使用乳胶漆(与石灰、水泥相比);10年后住宅周边环境为商业区不再显著增加儿童成长期患过敏性鼻炎和现患鼻炎症状的风险，但会显著增加儿童成长期患湿疹的风险，而夜晚降低儿童卧室通风频率降低了儿童患过敏性疾病的风险。研究结果可为认识住宅环境变化对儿童过敏性疾病影响的关联关系及改善儿童住宅居住环境提供一定的指导和参考。
关键词：横断面调研住宅环境10年对比儿童过敏性疾病关联变化问卷调查
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[2] 刘传合，洪建国，尚云晓，等.中国16城市儿童哮喘患病率20年对比研究[J].中国实用儿科杂志，2015,30(8):596- 600.
[3] WANG X D,ZHENG M,LOU H F,et al.An increased prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis in major Chinese cities from 2005 to 2011[J].Allergy,2016,71(8):1170- 1180.
[4] ZHANG M,YANG W U,YUAN Y,et al.Effects of home environment and lifestyles on prevalence of atopic eczema among children in Wuhan area of China[J].Science bulletin,2013,58(34):4217- 4222.
[5] 张泉，王怡，谢更新，等.室内空气品质[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2012:43- 46.
[6] KLEPEIS N E,NELSON W C,OTT W R,et al.The national human activity pattern survey (NHAPS):a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants[J].Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology,2001,11(3):231- 252.
[7] BORNEHAG C G,SUNDELL J,SIGSGAARD T.Dampness in buildings and health (DBH):report from an ongoing epidemiological investigation on the association between indoor environmental factors and health effects among children in Sweden[J].Indoor air,2004,14:59- 66.
[8] OHFUJI S,MIYAKE Y,ARAKAWA M,et al.Sibship size and prevalence of allergic disorders in Japan:the Ryukyus child health study[J].Pediatr allergy immunology,2009,20(4):377- 384.
[9] NORBÄCK D,LU C,ZHANG Y P,et al.Onset and remission of childhood wheeze and rhinitis across China:associations with early life indoor and outdoor air pollution[J].Environment international,2019,123:61- 69.
[10] NORBÄCK D,LU C,WANG J,et al.Asthma and rhinitis among Chinese children:indoor and outdoor air pollution and indicators of socioeconomic status (SES)[J].Environment international,2018,115:1- 8.
[11] 刘炜.住宅室内环境和通风对儿童呼吸道和过敏性疾病的影响研究[D].上海：上海理工大学，2017:106- 127.
[12] BORNEHAG C G,SUNDELL J,HÄGERHED-ENGMAN L,et al.‘Dampness’ at home and its association with airway,nose,and skin symptoms among 10 851 preschool children in Sweden:a cross-sectional study[J].Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America,2005,15:48- 55.
[13] JAAKKOLA J J,JAAKKOLA N,RUOTSALAINEN R.Home dampness and molds as determinants of respiratory symptoms and asthma in pre-school children[J].Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology,1993,3:129- 142.
[14] VENN A J,COOPER M M,LAUGHLIN C,et al.Effects of volatile organic compounds,damp,and other environmental exposures in the home on wheezing illness in children[J].Thorax,2003,58(11):955- 960.
[15] 全国儿童哮喘防治协作组.中国城区儿童哮喘患病率调查[J].中华儿科杂志，2003,41(2):123- 127.
[16] MADUREIRA J,PACIENCIA I,RUFO J,et al.Indoor air quality in schools and its relationship with children's respiratory symptoms[J].Atmospheric environment,2015,118:145- 156.
[17] SUNDELL J,WICKMAN M,PERSHAGEN G,et al.Ventilation in homes infested by house-dust mites[J].Allergy,1995,50(2):106- 112.
[18] BORNEHAG C G,SUNDELL J,HÄGERHED-ENGMAN L,et al.Association between ventilation rates in 390 Swedish homes and allergic symptoms in children[J].Indoor air,2005,15(4):275- 280.
[19] WARGOCKI P,SUNDELL J,BISCHOF W,et al.Ventilation and health in non-industrial indoor environment[J].Indoor air,2002,12(2):113- 128.
[20] 李必成，李百战，杜晨秋，等.高湿地区典型住宅室内墙壁表面全年霉菌生长风险评价[J].暖通空调，2021,51(9):58- 66.
[21] 张寅平.室内空气质量控制：新世纪的挑战和暖通空调人的责任[J].暖通空调，2013,43(12):1- 7.
[22] 胡伟，魏复盛.儿童呼吸健康与颗粒物中元素浓度的关联分析[J].安全与环境学报，2003(1):8- 12.
[23] WRIGHT G R,HOWIESON S,MCSHARRY C,et al.Effect of improved home ventilation on asthma control and house dust mite allergen levels[J].Allergy,2009,64(11):1671- 1680.
[24] 孙贺江，徐崇，刘皓天，等.住宅室内空气质量和通风系统性能在线监测平台及数据库[J].暖通空调，2020,50(5):111- 116.
[25] 陈宇红，陈永良，王倩雪，等.我国自然通风住宅通风换气情况调查与研究[J].暖通空调，2020,50(12):85- 88.
[26] 莫金汉，曹彬，刘宁睿，等.建筑空气环境人因工程学：问题、思考与探索[J].科学通报，2022,67(16):1729- 1743.
Changes of correlation between residential environment factors and children's allergic diseases in past decade in Chongqing
Abstract: Based on the repeated cross-sectional surveys' data of residential environments and children's health outcomes in Chongqing in 2010 and 2019, this study adopts the binary logistic regression to analyse the changes of the correlation between residential environment factors and children's allergic diseases before and after 10 years. The results show that many factors that are significantly associated with allergic diseases in children are not significant after 10 years compared to 10 years ago, such as residential location, residential building type, residential floor area, redecoration during pregnancy, and installation of mechanical ventilation in toilets. Some of the factors that don't have a significant effect on allergic diseases in children significantly increase the risk of allergic diseases in children after 10 years, such as the purchase of new furniture in the interior, an industrial area surrounding the residence, and the use of latex paint(compared with lime and cement) in the wall materials of children's bedrooms. After 10 years, the residence proximity to a commercial area no longer significantly increases the risk of allergic rhinitis in childhood and present rhinitis symptoms, but it significantly increases the risk of eczema in childhood, and reducing the frequency of ventilation in children's bedrooms at night reduces the risk of allergic diseases in children. This study results can provide some guidance and reference for understanding the relationship between the change of residential environment and the influence of children's allergic diseases and improving children's residential environment.
Keywords: cross-sectional survey; residential environment; 10-year comparison; children's allergic disease; change of correlation; questionnaire survey;
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