干热气候区高大空间夏季置换通风空调热环境及节能效果分析
摘要：高大空间建筑具有特殊的功能性，其冷负荷特征与传统公共建筑不同。本文针对新疆某机场航站楼候机厅，利用CFD模拟分析了喷口射流(上送下回式)与置换通风2种气流组织形式下的室内环境温度场及速度场。结果表明：在相同的室内热舒适环境下，采用置换通风方式的空调系统送风量减少37.5%,送风温度提高4℃,这对干热气候区夏季空调冷源选择、优化设计与经济运行带来较大益处；此外，人员呼吸区的空气不断被置换通风送入的新风置换，避免与室内空气回流混合，具有较高的排污效率，能减少或避免污染物在室内扩散，保持工作区内较高的空气质量。
关键词：干热气候区高大空间置换通风CFD模拟热环境节能
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[3] 李强民，邓伟鹏.排除人员活动区内人体释放污染物的有效通风方式：置换通风[J].暖通空调，2004,34(2):1- 4,17.
[4] 王磊，赵福云，蔡阳，等.置换通风模式下多元对流室内热与污染物输运[J].化工学报，2020,71(增刊1):142- 148.
[5] LEE K,JIANG Z,CHEN Q Y.Air distribution effectiveness with stratified air distribution systems[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE transactions 2009 :part 1.Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,2009:322- 333.
[6] 赵福云，程盼，张东东.置换通风及混合通风下室内空气环境多指标数值评价[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2018,51(9):823- 830.
[7] KIM K H,KANG S Y,LEE J H,et al.Analysis of thermal environment in an airport passenger therminal[J].Numerical heat transfer,2001,40(5):531- 541.
[8] 陈孚江，卢旺，陈梦梦，等.基于纤维空气分布系统的置换通风的热舒适性研究[J].流体机械，2018,46(8):32- 35,31.
[9] CHENG Y D,NIU J L,GAO N P.Stratified air distribution systems in a large lecture theatre:a numerical method to optimize thermal comfort and maximize energy saving[J].Energy and buildings,2012,55:515- 525.
[10] 李先庭，赵彬，林波荣，等.置换通风与混合送风供冷季运行能耗比较[J].暖通空调，2002,32(5):122- 125.
[11] 梁超，邵晓亮，李先庭.高大空间分层空调冷负荷减小的机理研究[J].制冷与空调(四川),2016,30(3):309- 315.
[12] ZHANG T,LIU X H,ZHANG L,et al.Performance analysis of the air-conditioning system in Xi’an Xianyang International Airport[J].Energy and buildings,2013,59:11- 20.
[13] 吴明洋，刘晓华，赵康.西安咸阳国际机场T2和T3航站楼高大空间室内环境测试[J].暖通空调，2014,44(5):135- 139.
[14] YUAN X X,CHEN Q Y,GLICKSMAN L R.Models for prediction of temperature difference and ventilation effectiveness with displacement ventilation[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE transactions 1999:part 1.Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,1999:303- 367.
[15] GILANI S,MONTAZERI H,BLOCKEN B.CFD simulation of stratified indoor environment in displacement ventilation:validation and sensitivity analysis[J].Building and environment,2016,95:299- 313.
[16] ASHRAE.Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy:ASHRAE Standard 55-2013[S].Atlanta:American National Standards Institute,2013:4- 13.
[17] 中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范：GB 50736—2012[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2012:92- 94.
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Analysis of thermal environment and energy saving performance for displacement ventilation air conditioning in large space in dry-hot climate zone in summer
Abstract: The special architectural function of large space buildings makes their cooling load characteristics different from those of traditional public buildings. For the departure hall of an airport terminal in Xinjiang, this paper analyses the indoor environment temperature field and velocity field in nozzle jet(upper supply and lower return type) and displacement ventilation by using the CFD. The results show that in the same indoor thermal comfort environment, the air supply volume of the air conditioning system with displacement ventilation is reduced by 37.5%, and the air supply temperature is increased by 4 ℃, which brings great benefits to the cold source selection, optimization design and economic operation of air conditioning in the dry-hot climate zone in summer. In addition, the air in the breathing area of personnel is constantly replaced by the outdoor air sent by displacement ventilation, avoiding mixing with the indoor air recirculation, and its high purification efficiency can reduce or avoid the spread of contaminant in the room, which will maintain the air quality in the work area.
Keywords: dry-hot climate zone; large space; displacement ventilation; CFD simulation; thermal environment; energy saving;
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