人员负荷视觉动态估计的热不均匀空间温度分区补偿控制方法
摘要：受公共建筑人员负荷动态变化带来的热环境非均匀分布及建筑热惰性、室内热质扩散等因素的影响，空调控制系统的调节动作难以跟随室内负荷的区域性动态变化，室温响应滞后于空调系统的调节动作，导致环境品质调控不佳、能源浪费。针对该问题，提出了人员负荷视觉动态估计的热不均匀空间温度分区补偿控制方法。首先，设计了室内人员计数与定位模型，采用计算机视觉方法实时获取人员负荷及其空间分布。其次，设计了分区主从补偿控制策略，从控制模块以主控制模块输出为输入，在调节建筑空间总风量的基础上采用开环控制调节各区域风量，改善了室温响应滞后情况；主控制模块由多个区域温度控制回路构成，根据人员负荷变化估计室内温度变化趋势，通过区域补偿运算提高了所需供冷量的预测能力。最后，对小型办公建筑和大型活动中心建筑进行了仿真实验，结果表明，本文调控方法在降低能耗的同时能保持舒适的区域环境，并缩短系统的响应时间。
关键词：公共建筑人员负荷估计计算机视觉热不均匀空间空调系统分区补偿控制策略
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Thermal uneven space temperature zoning compensation control method for visual dynamic estimation of personnel load
Abstract: Affected by the uneven distribution of the thermal environment caused by the dynamic change of personnel loads in public buildings, the thermal inertness of the building, and the indoor thermal and mass diffusion, the adjustment actions of air conditioning control systems is difficult to follow the zoning dynamic changes of indoor loads, and the room temperature response lags behind the adjustment actions of the air conditioning system, resulting in poor environmental quality regulation and energy waste. In response to this problem, this paper proposes a thermal uneven space temperature zoning compensation control method for visual dynamic estimation of personnel load. Firstly, the indoor personnel counting and positioning model is designed, and the computer vision method is used to obtain the personnel load and its spatial distribution in real time. Secondly, the master-slave compensation control strategy of zoning is designed, and the slave control module takes the output of the master control module as the input, and adopts open-loop control to regulate the air volume of each zone based on adjusting the total air volume in the building space, which improves the hysteresis of room temperature response. The master control module is composed of multiple zonal temperature control loops, and it estimates the trend of indoor temperature according to the personnel load change and improves the prediction ability of the required cooling supply through zonal compensation calculation. Finally, simulation experiments involving a small office building and a large activity center are carried out, and the results show that the proposed control method can maintain a comfortable zone environment while reducing energy consumption, and shorten the response time of the system.
Keywords: public building; personnel load estimation; computer vision; thermal uneven space; air conditioning system; zoning compensation control strategy;
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