夏季湿热环境下温度-风速适宜值实验研究
摘要：一定温度环境下增大风速可以提高人体热舒适并降低能耗，但较高温度环境下增大风速对人体热舒适的改善作用降低。为了探究夏季湿热环境下风速对温度的补偿作用，提出适宜的风速值，本文系统地研究了高湿环境(80%相对湿度)下从偏热到高温范围内风速的积极改善作用和改善效率。通过在人工气候室营造4种温度水平(28、30、32、34℃),采用落地扇正面吹风，控制风速为0.8～1.4 m/s,共完成8个工况、168人次受试者热舒适实验，获取了受试者的主观感受及生理反应。建立了整体热感觉与温度和风速之间的预测评估模型，得到热中性状态下不同温度对应的舒适风速；在32、34℃环境下，提高风速不能使受试者达到热舒适状态，但对热感觉及皮肤温度仍具有改善作用，进而提出利用平均皮肤温度变化率评价不同风速下的吹风效率，得到对应温度下的有效风速值。将舒适风速与有效风速相结合，得到了夏季湿热环境下不同温度的适宜风速推荐值。
关键词：湿热环境热舒适温度适宜风速舒适风速有效风速皮肤温度变化率吹风效率
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[2] MLHAVE L.The sick buildings and other buildings with indoor climate problems[J].Environment international,1989,15(1):65- 74.
[3] 金振星.不同气候区居民热适应行为及热舒适区研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2011:130- 131.
[4] FANGER P O,OSTERGAARD J,OLESEN S,et al.The effect on man's comfort of a uniform airflow from different directions[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE transactions 1974:part 2.Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,1974:142- 157.
[5] 田元媛，许为全.热湿环境下人体热反应的实验研究[J].暖通空调，2003,33(4):27- 30.
[6] ARENS E,XU T F,MIURA K,et al.A study of occupant cooling by personally controlled air movement[J].Energy and buildings,1998,27:45- 59.
[7] 侯松宝.空气流动对人体热感觉的实验研究[D].邯郸：河北工程大学，2018:49- 50.
[8] HUANG L,OUYANG Q,ZHU Y,et al.A study about the demand for air movement in warm environment[J].Building and environment,2013,61:27- 33.
[9] MCINTYRE D A.Preferred air speed for comfort in warm conditions[G]//ASHRAE.ASHRAE transactions 1978:part 2.Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc.,1978:263- 277.
[10] ZHAI Y C,ZHANG Y F,ZHANG H,et al.Human comfort and perceived air quality in warm and humid environments with ceiling fans[J].Building and environment,2015,90:178- 185.
[11] 谈美兰.夏季相对湿度和风速对人体热感觉的影响研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2012:169- 171.
[12] DU C Q,LI B Z,LIU H,et al.Quantifying the cooling efficiency of air velocity by heat loss from skin surface in warm and hot environments[J].Building and environment,2018,136:146- 155.
[13] GONG N,THAM K W,MELIKOV A K,et al,The acceptable air velocity range for local air movement in the tropics[J].HVAC & R research,2006,12(4):1065- 1076.
[14] ZHOU X,OUYANG Q,LIN G,et al.Impact of dynamic airflow on human thermal response[J].Indoor air,2010,16(5):348- 355.
[15] CÂNDIDO C,DE DEAR R,LAMBERTS R.Combined thermal acceptability and air movement assessments in a hot humid climate[J].Building and environment,2011,46:379- 385.
[16] ZHANG H,ARENS E,ZHAI Y C.A review of the corrective power of personal comfort systems in non-neutral ambient environments[J].Building and environment,2015,91:15- 41.
[17] 崔惟霖，欧阳沁，余娟，等.相同热感觉条件下不同环境温度与风速组合对人体舒适性及工作效率的影响[J].暖通空调，2013,43(7):68- 72.
[18] 朱旻琳，欧阳沁，朱颖心，等.偏热环境下气流对睡眠人体的冷补偿上限初探[J].暖通空调，2017,47(6):9- 14.
[19] 朱颖心.建筑环境学[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2005:159- 171.
[20] GUPTA R,GREGG M,WILLIAMS K.Cooling the UK housing stock post-2050s[J].Building service engineering,2015,36(2):196- 220.
[21] ZHANG H,HUIZENGA C,ARENS E,et al.Thermal sensation and comfort in transient non-uniform thermal environments[J].European journal of applied physiology,2004,92(6):728- 733.
[22] 卫诣凡.偏热环境下适宜风速实验与理论研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2015:37- 54.
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[25] ZHAI Y C,ZHANG H,ZHANG Y F,et al.Comfort under personally controlled air movement in warm and humid environments[J].Building and environment,2013,65:109- 117.
[26] MIHARA K,SEKHAR C,TAKEMASA Y,et al.Thermal comfort and energy performance of a dedicated outdoor air system with ceiling fans in hot and humid climate[J].Energy and buildings,2019,203:109448.
Experimental research on suitable air velocity corresponding to different temperatures in hot and humid environment in summer
Abstract: Increasing the air velocity in a certain temperature environment can improve the thermal comfort of the human body and reduce energy consumption, but the effect of increasing the air velocity on the thermal comfort of the human body is reduced at a higher temperature. In order to explore the compensation effect of air velocity on the temperature in a hot and humid environment, and propose the suitable air velocity value, this paper systematically studies the positive improvement effect and efficiency of air velocity in the temperature range from partial heat to high temperature in the high humidity environment(80% relative humidity). By creating four temperature levels(28,30,32,34 ℃) in the artificial climate room, using a floor fan to blow the air from the front and controlling the air velocity from 0.8 m/s to 1.4 m/s, the thermal comfort experiments of 168 subjects under 8 working conditions are completed, and the subjective feelings and physiological responses of the subjects are obtained. The prediction and evaluation model between the overall thermal sensation and temperature and air velocity is established, and the comfortable air velocity corresponding to different temperatures in the thermal neutral state is obtained. At 32 ℃ and 34 ℃, increasing the wind speed cannot make the subjects reach the thermal comfort state, but it can still improve the thermal sensation and skin temperature. Furthermore, it is proposed to use the average skin temperature change rate to evaluate the blowing efficiency at different air velocities to obtain the effective air velocity value at the corresponding temperature. Combining the comfortable air velocity with the effective air velocity, the recommended values of suitable air velocity at different temperatures in a hot and humid environment in summer are obtained.
Keywords: hot and humid environment; thermal comfort; temperature; suitable air velocity; comfortable air velocity; effective air velocity; skin temperature change rate; blowing efficiency;
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