加拿大零碳建筑实践与启示
摘要：建筑部门碳排放在社会整体碳排放中占比较大，以建材碳排放为主的建筑隐含碳排放和以运行能源消耗为主的建筑运行碳排放是建筑全寿命周期碳排放的2个最主要部分。开展零碳建筑的研究和实践有助于加速建筑部门深入推进碳减排，在建材碳排放和运行碳排放两方面发力，促进建筑从运行阶段零碳排放到全寿命周期零碳排放，进而推动实现个体到整体的建筑零碳排放目标。通过对加拿大零碳建筑设计评价标准、运行评价标准的剖析，以及实际评价项目的介绍，结合我国当前建筑节能、绿色建筑标准编制和实施情况，对比了中加在建筑碳排放计算、建筑碳中和基础、建筑碳抵消措施、零碳目标实施路径及关键评价指标方面的异同，提出了我国绿色建筑项目进行零碳设计和运行可采取的方式和应注意的问题。
关键词：零碳建筑建筑碳排放热能需求强度碳排放因子碳中和碳抵消
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Practice and inspiration of zero carbon buildings in Canada
Abstract: Carbon emissions in the building sector account for a relatively large share of society's overall carbon emissions. Implicit carbon emissions of buildings(mainly from building materials) and operational carbon emissions of buildings(mainly from operational energy consumption) are the two most important parts of carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of buildings. The research and practice of zero carbon buildings can help accelerate the in-depth promotion of carbon emission reduction in the building sector, and work on both building material carbon emissions and operational carbon emissions to promote buildings from zero carbon emissions in the operational phase to zero carbon emissions in the whole life cycle, and then to promote the goal of zero carbon emissions from individual buildings to the whole. Through the analysis of Canadian zero carbon building design evaluation standards and operation evaluation standards, as well as the introduction of actual evaluation projects, combined with the preparation and implementation of the current building energy efficiency and green building standards in China, this paper compares the similarities and differences between China and Canada in terms of building carbon emission calculation, building carbon neutral basis, building carbon offset measures, zero carbon target implementation path and key evaluation indexes, and proposes the approaches that can be adopted and the issues that should be noted in Chinese green building projects for zero carbon design and operation.
Keywords: zero carbon building; building carbon emission; thermal energy demand intensity; carbon emission factor; carbon neutrality; carbon offset;
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