高速列车热泵技术研究

作者:王宗昌 卓明胜 赵航 陈垒 沈民新
单位:中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 珠海格力电器股份有限公司
摘要:目前高速列车空调大多为单冷机型。为了满足冬季制热需求,本文设计了新型高能效比高速列车热泵空调:机组为双独立循环系统,蒸发器交叉布置,设计优化了冷凝器结构参数;采用自制卧式补气增焓压缩机,通过优化管路布置使得热泵机组制热和制冷时均使用补气增焓,名义制冷能效提高约20%,低温工况下大幅度提高制热能力;热泵机组采用大中间流量四通阀逆向除霜,一系统高频制热的同时另一系统相对低频除霜,解决了除霜期间向列车舱内吹冷风及化霜速率慢的问题,为高速列车变频热泵空调国产化提供推动力。
关键词:高速列车空调热泵双独立循环系统设计优化补气增焓压缩机除霜数值模拟
作者简介:王宗昌,男,1980年生,硕士研究生,高级工程师;*赵航,519070广东省珠海市前山金鸡西路789号,E-mail:987948095@qq.com;
基金:中国国家铁路总公司科技研究开发计划课题(编号:P2018J016)
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Research on heat pump technology for high-speed trains
Wang Zongchang Zhuo Mingsheng Zhao Hang Chen Lei Shen Minxin
(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd. Gree Electric Appliances,Inc.of Zhuhai)
Abstract: The majority of high-speed train air conditioners are cooling-only units at present. This paper proposes a novel heat pump with high energy efficiency ratio to meet the heating demand of high-speed trains in winter. The proposed heat pump unit has two independent heating cycles. In the design, two evaporators are arranged alternately, the structural parameters of the condenser are optimized, a self-manufactured horizontal air-supplement enthalpy increasing compressor is adopted, and the heat pump unit uses air-supplement enthalpy increasing in heating and cooling through optimizing the pipeline layout. The results show that the nominal energy efficiency ratio for cooling increases by approximately 20%, and the heating capacity is greatly improved under low temperature conditions. Additionally, the heat pump unit adopts a large intermediate flow four-way valve for reverse defrosting. One system is heated at a high frequency while the other system is defrosted at a relatively low frequency, which solves the problem of cold air blowing into the train cabin and a slow defrosting rate during defrosting. The design provides impetus for the localization of the variable-speed heat pump for high-speed trains.
Keywords: high-speed train air conditioner; heat pump; double independent circulatory system; design optimization; air-supplement enthalpy increasing compressor; defrosting; numerical simulation;
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