含碘水源先氯后氨消毒中副产物生成特性研究
摘要：以含碘水为研究对象，探究了先氯后氨工艺的THM4与I-THMs生成特性，并探究了该工艺的关键影响因子——氯接触时间、溴碘比、pH，同时以CTI与GTI为指标对其进行毒性评价，为水厂工艺调节提供理论依据。其中，先氯后氨工艺的总THMs生成量介于氯胺消毒与自由氯消毒之间，并且随着氯接触时间的增加，生成的CHCl3增加了26.5%，而I-THMs减少了58.7%；随着溴碘比的增加，溴代率和生成的THM4呈上升趋势而碘代率和I-THMs呈下降趋势；溴碘共存时，该工艺受pH影响复杂，在pH=6时产生的THMs总量最少。从毒性方面进行评价，先氯后氨工艺的毒性介于氯化和氯胺化消毒之间，30min为比较合适的氯接触时间，此时与pre-NH2Cl相比，细胞毒性和基因毒性分别减少了79.0%和53.4%；在溴碘比为3∶1时产生的毒
关键词：含碘水体THM4I-THMs细胞毒性基因毒性
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参考文献参考文献
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[5] HUA G,RECKHOW D A.Evaluation of bromine substitution factors of DBPs during chlorination and chloramination.[J].Water Research,2012,46(13):4208-4216.
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[8] NOB ACKERSON,AH KILLINGER,HK LIBERATORE,et al.Impact of chlorine exposure time on disinfection byproduct formation in the presence of iopamidol and natural organic matter during chloramination[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2019,78:204-214
[9] BICHSEL Y,GUNTEN U V.Oxidation of iodide and hypoiodous acid in the disinfection of natural waters[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1999,33(22):4040-4045.
[10] LIU Z,XU B,LIN Y L,et al.Mechanistic study on chlorine/nitrogen transformation and disinfection by-product generation in a UV-activated mixed chlorine/chloramines system[J].Water Research,2020,184:116116.
[11] XIA Y,LIN Y L,XU B,et al.Iodinated trihalomethane formation during chloramination of iodate-containing waters in the presence of zero valent iron[J].Water Research,2017,124(nov.1):219-226.
[12] ALLARD S,TAN J,JOLL C A,et al.Mechanistic study on the formation of Cl-/Br-/I-Trihalomethanes during chlorination/chloramination combined with a theoretical cytotoxicity evaluation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(18):11105.
[13] FUGE R,JOHNSON C C.The geochemistry of iodine-a review[J].Environ.Geochem.Health,1986,8(2):31-54.
[14] CRIQUET J,ALLARD S,SALHI E,et al.Iodate and iodotrihalomethane formation during chlorination of iodide-containing waters:role of bromide[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(13):7350-7357.
[15] TROFE T W,INMAN G W,JOHNSON J D.Kinetics of monochloramine decomposition in the presence of bromide[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1980,14(5):544-549.
[16] LILLY,HELLER-GROSSMAN,ANNA,et al.Formation of cyanogen bromide and other volatile DBPs in the disinfection of bromide-rich lake water[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1999,33(6):932-937.
[1] HONG Y,LIU S,SONG H,et al.HAA formation during chloramination-Significance of monochloramine′s direct reaction with DOM[J].Journal,2007,99(8):57-69.
[2] 纪瑶瑶，赵梦，周丽，等.顺序氯化消毒对微污染原水消毒副产物控制研究[J].水处理技术，2018.44(2):24-28
[3] PLEWA M J,WAGNER E D,MUELLNER M G,et al.Comparative mammalian cell toxicity of N-DBPs and C-DBPs[M].2008.
[4] SEIYA N,HIROKI K,TAKAFUMI A,et al.Carbon isotope composition of dissolved humic and fulvic acids in the Tokachi river system[J].Radiation Protection Dosimetry,2011,146(1-3):322-325.
[5] HUA G,RECKHOW D A.Evaluation of bromine substitution factors of DBPs during chlorination and chloramination.[J].Water Research,2012,46(13):4208-4216.
[6] EMMA,MARIE,SMITH,et al.Comparison of byproduct formation in waters treated with chlorine and iodine:relevance to point-of-use treatment[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(22):8446-8452.
[7] RICHARDSON S D,FASANO F,ELLINGTON J J,et al.Occurrence and mammalian cell toxicity of iodinated disinfection byproducts in drinking water.[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(22):8330-8338.
[8] NOB ACKERSON,AH KILLINGER,HK LIBERATORE,et al.Impact of chlorine exposure time on disinfection byproduct formation in the presence of iopamidol and natural organic matter during chloramination[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2019,78:204-214
[9] BICHSEL Y,GUNTEN U V.Oxidation of iodide and hypoiodous acid in the disinfection of natural waters[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1999,33(22):4040-4045.
[10] LIU Z,XU B,LIN Y L,et al.Mechanistic study on chlorine/nitrogen transformation and disinfection by-product generation in a UV-activated mixed chlorine/chloramines system[J].Water Research,2020,184:116116.
[11] XIA Y,LIN Y L,XU B,et al.Iodinated trihalomethane formation during chloramination of iodate-containing waters in the presence of zero valent iron[J].Water Research,2017,124(nov.1):219-226.
[12] ALLARD S,TAN J,JOLL C A,et al.Mechanistic study on the formation of Cl-/Br-/I-Trihalomethanes during chlorination/chloramination combined with a theoretical cytotoxicity evaluation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(18):11105.
[13] FUGE R,JOHNSON C C.The geochemistry of iodine-a review[J].Environ.Geochem.Health,1986,8(2):31-54.
[14] CRIQUET J,ALLARD S,SALHI E,et al.Iodate and iodotrihalomethane formation during chlorination of iodide-containing waters:role of bromide[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(13):7350-7357.
[15] TROFE T W,INMAN G W,JOHNSON J D.Kinetics of monochloramine decomposition in the presence of bromide[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1980,14(5):544-549.
[16] LILLY,HELLER-GROSSMAN,ANNA,et al.Formation of cyanogen bromide and other volatile DBPs in the disinfection of bromide-rich lake water[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1999,33(6):932-937.
DBPs formation during chlorination followed by chloramination in iodide-containing water
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the formation of THM4 and I-THMs during chlorination followed by chloramination disinfection process in iodide-containing water.And the impact of chlorination contact time,Br-/I-and pH were also investigated.Besides,the cytotoxicity index(CTI)and genotoxicity index(GTI)were calculated to evaluate the comprehensive toxicity.The results indicated that the formation of total THMs during chlorination followed by chloramination were higher than chlorination,but lower than chloramination.With the increase of chlorine contact time,the generated CHCl3 increased by 26.5%,while the I-THMs decreased by58.7%.As the Br-/I-increased,more THM4 and less I-THMs were generated,accompanied by the increase of bromine substitution factor and the decrease of iodide substitution factor.The effect of pH on this process was complex,and when pH=6,the formation of THMs was the least.Evaluated from toxicity,the toxicity of chlorination followed by chloramination disinfection process was between chlorination and chloramination.And 30 minute was the appropriate chlorine contact time,which reduced the cytotoxicity by 79.0%and the genotoxicity by 53.4% compared of the pre-NH2 Cl.When Br-/I-was 3/1 and pH was 6～7,the toxicity had the lowest risk,which was more conducive to human health.
Keywords: Iodide-containing water; THM4; I-THMs; Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity;
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