上海近零能耗居住建筑技术指标研究
摘要：在“碳达峰、碳中和”国家发展战略背景下，发展近零能耗建筑已成为建筑领域节能减排的发展方向。由于地域气候和用能习惯上的差异，有必要开展适用于上海地区的近零能耗建筑技术指标研究。本文在上海市超低能耗建筑技术体系的基础上，通过典型居住建筑案例分析，提出了适用于上海的近零能耗居住建筑技术指标建议：建筑综合能耗指标为48～50 kW·h/(m2·a),供暖年耗热量和供冷年耗冷量指标值分别为5 kW·h/(m2·a)和25 kW·h/(m2·a);可再生能源利用率指标应根据空气源热泵热水供热是否计入可再生能源来确定。
关键词：近零能耗居住建筑技术指标建筑综合能耗可再生能源
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[2] 中共中央国务院关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见[EB/OL].(2021-10-24)[2022-06-01].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2021-10/24/content_5644613.htm.
[3] PANÃO M J N O,REBELO M P,CAMELO S M L.How low should be the energy required by a nearly zero-energy building?The load/generation energy balance of Mediterranean housing[J].Energy and buildings,2013,61:161- 171.
[4] 张时聪，陈曦，徐伟.近零能耗建筑的研究与实践[J].建设科技，2014(22):27- 29.
[5] D'AGOSTINO D.Assessment of the progress towards the establishment of definitions of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEBs) in European Member States[J].Journal of building engineering,2015,1:20- 32.
[6] D'AGOSTINO D,MAZZARELLA L.What is a nearly zero energy building?Overview,implementation and comparison of definitions[J].Journal of building engineering,2019,21:200- 212.
[7] D'AGOSTINO D,TZEIRANAKI S T,ZANGHERI P,et al.Assessing nearly zero energy buildings (NZEBs) development in Europe[J].Energy strategy reviews,2021,36:100680.
[8] 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司，河北省建筑科学研究院.近零能耗建筑技术标准：GB/T 51350—2019[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2019:2,7.
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[10] 瞿燕.上海市超低能耗建筑实践特征与应用思考[J].暖通空调，2022,52(8):29- 35,17.
[11] 郭偲悦，燕达，彭琛，等.上海地区住宅冬季供暖现状调查与测试研究[J].暖通空调，2014,44(6):11- 15.
[12] 中国标准化研究院，珠海格力电器股份有限公司，美的集团股份有限公司，等.多联式空调(热泵)机组能效限定值及能源效率等级：GB 21454—2021[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2021:2.
Study on technical indicators of nearly zero energy residential buildings in Shanghai
Abstract: Under the background of the national development strategy of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, the development of nearly zero energy buildings has become the development direction of energy conservation and emission reduction in the building field. Due to the differences in regional climate and energy consumption habits, it is necessary to carry out the research on the technical indicators of nearly zero energy buildings suitable for Shanghai. Based on the technical system of ultra-low energy consumption buildings in Shanghai, this paper puts forward the technical index suggestions for nearly zero energy residential buildings applicable to Shanghai through the case analysis of typical residential buildings. The comprehensive energy consumption index of the building is 48-50 kW·h/(m2·a), and the annual heat consumption for heating and the annual cold consumption for cooling are set at 5 kW·h/(m2·a) and 25 kW·h/(m2·a), respectively. The renewable energy utilization rate index should be determined according to whether the hot water heating of the air-source heat pump is included in the renewable energy.
Keywords: nearly zero energy; residential building; technical indicator; building comprehensive energy consumption; renewable energy;
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