热泵技术在中低温热能生产中的减碳效益

作者:倪龙 董世豪 郑渊博 赵恒谊 宋忠奎 高屹峰
单位:哈尔滨工业大学 寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室 中国节能协会
摘要:未来能源中绿电比例越来越高,末端用能向电气化转变,热泵作为电制热最有效的方式,将成为供热领域实现碳中和的可靠路径。本文通过碳排放因子法对热泵技术在建筑、工业和农业等中低温热能生产中的减碳效益进行定量分析。结果表明,在热泵高增速情景下,2060年建筑供暖和热水供应、工业中低温用热和农业环境调控减碳总量为25.06亿t,相对于当前减排65%。潜在减排量中热泵减排量达14.53亿t,相当于现阶段我国碳排放总量的14.7%,电力端和需求侧减排量分别为3.44亿t和5.67亿t,另外建筑供暖中低碳或零碳热力规模扩大减排1.42亿t。随着技术进步,热泵将成为中低温供热领域替代化石能源、实现碳中和的必然选择。此外,虽相对电直热供热节电明显,但热泵高增速发展增加电网负荷,应积极利用合适场景的热泵应用对电网进行日调峰,实行“需求侧响应”的柔性用电。
关键词:热泵中低温热能碳减排碳中和建筑供暖热水供应工业生产农业环境调控
作者简介:倪龙,男,1979年生,工学博士,教授,博士生导师,哈尔滨工业大学热能应用省级工程研究中心主任,150001黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区黄河路73号,E-mail:nilonggn@163.com;
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Carbon reduction benefits of heat pump in medium-low temperature heat production
Ni Long Dong Shihao Zheng Yuanbo Zhao Hengyi Song Zhongkui Gao Yifeng
(Harbin Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology China Energy Conservation Association)
Abstract: In the future, the proportion of green electricity in energy will be higher and higher, and the end energy will be transformed to electrification. As the most effective way of electric heating, heat pump will become a reliable path to achieve carbon neutrality in the heating field. In this paper, the carbon emission factor method is used to quantitatively analyse the carbon reduction benefits of heat pump technology in medium-low temperature heat production in buildings, industry and agriculture. The results show that under the scenario of high growth rate of heat pump, the total carbon reduction of building heating and hot water supply, industrial medium-low temperature heating and agricultural environment regulation in 2060 will be 2.506 billion tons, which is 65% compared with the current emission reduction. Among the potential emission reductions, heat pumps' emission reduction reaches 1.453 billion tons, equivalent to 14.7% of China's total carbon emissions now, while the power side and demand side emission reduction are 344 million tons and 567 million tons respectively. In addition, the expansion of other low-carbon heating also reduces emissions by 142 million tons. With the progress of technology, heat pump will become an inevitable choice to replace fossil energy and achieve carbon neutrality in the field of medium-low temperature heating. Although it is obvious to save electricity compared with direct electric heating, the rapid development of heat pump increases the load of the power grid. Therefore, the application of heat pump in appropriate scenarios should be actively used for daily peak adjustment of the power grid and the flexible power consumption of “demand side response” should be implemented.
Keywords: heat pump; medium-low temperature heating; carbon emission reduction; carbon neutrality; building heating; hot water supply; industry production; agriculture environment regulation;
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