WHO《实验室生物安全手册》发展历程及其启示
引用文献：
曹国庆 吕京 胡竹萍. WHO《实验室生物安全手册》发展历程及其启示[J]. 暖通空调，2023，48（6）.
Cao Guoqing Lü Jing Hu Zhuping. Development process and enlightenment of Laboratory biosafety manual by WHO[J]. build，2023,48（6）.
摘要：介绍了WHO 《实验室生物安全手册》的发展历程，研究了其修订思路和发展趋势，重点从风险管理、可持续发展、生物安全文化、智能化发展4个方面探讨了我国生物安全实验室建设发展路径及相关标准发展方向，为我国生物安全实验室建设及相关标准的制修订提供参考。
关键词：实验室生物安全手册发展风险评估
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参考文献[1] World Health Organization.实验室生物安全手册[M].马连山，牛胜田，译.北京：人民卫生出版社，1983:3-4.
[2] World Health Organization.Laboratory biosafety manual[M].2nd ed.Geneva:WHO,1993:1-3.
[3] World Health Organization.Laboratory biosafety manual (third edition)[EB/OL].[2022-02-08].https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/en/Biosafety7.pdf.
[4] World Health Organization.Laboratory biosafety manual (fourth edition)[EB/OL].[2022-03-12].https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/337956/97892400 11311-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
[5] Techinal Committee ISO/TC 262.Risk management—guidelines:ISO 31000:2018[S].Switzerland:ISO,2018:1-15.
[6] 中国合格评定国家认可中心，国家质量监督检验检疫总局科技司，中国疾病预防控制中心，等.实验室生物安全通用要求：GB 19489—2008[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2008:7-11,23-24.
[7] 中国建筑科学研究院，江苏双楼建设集团有限公司.生物安全实验室建筑技术规范：GB 50346—2011[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2012:5-9,32.
[8] 中国合格评定国家认可中心，中国动物卫生与流行病学中心，中国建筑科学研究院有限公司，等.病原微生物实验室生物安全风险管理指南：RB/T 040—2020[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2020:1-11.
[9] WURTZ N,PAPA A,HUKIC M,et al.Survey of laboratory-acquired infections around the world in biosafety level 3 and 4 laboratories[J].European journal clinical microbiology and infectious disease,2016,35(8):1247-1258.
[10] CHOUCRALLAH D,SARMIENTO L,ETTLES S,et al.Surveillance of laboratory exposures to human pathogens and toxins:Canada 2018[J].Canada communicable disease report,2019,45(9):244-251.
[11] SEJVAR J J,JOHNSON D,POPOVIC T,et al.Assessing the risk of laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease[J].Journal clinical microbiology,2005,43(9):4811-4814.
[12] BARRY M,RUSSI M,ARMSTRONG L,et al.Brief report:treatment of a laboratory-acquired Sabiá virus infection[J].New England journal of medicine,1995,333(5):294-296.
[13] BOUZA E,SANCHEZ-CARRILLO C,HERNANGOMEZ S,et al.Laboratory-acquired brucellosis:a Spanish national survey[J].Journal of hospital infection,2005,61(1):80-83.
[14] ERGONUL O,CELIKBAS A,TEZEREN D,et al.Analysis of risk factors for laboratory-acquired brucella infections[J].Journal of hospital infection,2004,56(3):223-227.
[15] HSU C H,FARLAND J,WINTERS T,et al.Laboratory-acquired vaccinia virus infection in a recently immunized person:massachusetts,2013[J].Morbidity and mortality weekly report,2015,64(16):435-438.
[16] KORTEPETER M G,MARTIN J W,RUSNAK J M,et al.Managing potential laboratory exposure to Ebola virus by using a patient biocontainment care unit[J].Emerging infectious diseases,2008,14(6):881-887.
[17] LIM P L,KURUP A,GOPALAKRISHNA G,et al.Laboratory acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome[J].New England journal of medicine,2004,350(17):1740-1745.
[18] 张彦国.WHO《实验室生物安全手册》(第4版草案)简介[J].暖通空调，2020,50(6):81-85.
[2] World Health Organization.Laboratory biosafety manual[M].2nd ed.Geneva:WHO,1993:1-3.
[3] World Health Organization.Laboratory biosafety manual (third edition)[EB/OL].[2022-02-08].https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/en/Biosafety7.pdf.
[4] World Health Organization.Laboratory biosafety manual (fourth edition)[EB/OL].[2022-03-12].https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/337956/97892400 11311-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
[5] Techinal Committee ISO/TC 262.Risk management—guidelines:ISO 31000:2018[S].Switzerland:ISO,2018:1-15.
[6] 中国合格评定国家认可中心，国家质量监督检验检疫总局科技司，中国疾病预防控制中心，等.实验室生物安全通用要求：GB 19489—2008[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2008:7-11,23-24.
[7] 中国建筑科学研究院，江苏双楼建设集团有限公司.生物安全实验室建筑技术规范：GB 50346—2011[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2012:5-9,32.
[8] 中国合格评定国家认可中心，中国动物卫生与流行病学中心，中国建筑科学研究院有限公司，等.病原微生物实验室生物安全风险管理指南：RB/T 040—2020[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2020:1-11.
[9] WURTZ N,PAPA A,HUKIC M,et al.Survey of laboratory-acquired infections around the world in biosafety level 3 and 4 laboratories[J].European journal clinical microbiology and infectious disease,2016,35(8):1247-1258.
[10] CHOUCRALLAH D,SARMIENTO L,ETTLES S,et al.Surveillance of laboratory exposures to human pathogens and toxins:Canada 2018[J].Canada communicable disease report,2019,45(9):244-251.
[11] SEJVAR J J,JOHNSON D,POPOVIC T,et al.Assessing the risk of laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease[J].Journal clinical microbiology,2005,43(9):4811-4814.
[12] BARRY M,RUSSI M,ARMSTRONG L,et al.Brief report:treatment of a laboratory-acquired Sabiá virus infection[J].New England journal of medicine,1995,333(5):294-296.
[13] BOUZA E,SANCHEZ-CARRILLO C,HERNANGOMEZ S,et al.Laboratory-acquired brucellosis:a Spanish national survey[J].Journal of hospital infection,2005,61(1):80-83.
[14] ERGONUL O,CELIKBAS A,TEZEREN D,et al.Analysis of risk factors for laboratory-acquired brucella infections[J].Journal of hospital infection,2004,56(3):223-227.
[15] HSU C H,FARLAND J,WINTERS T,et al.Laboratory-acquired vaccinia virus infection in a recently immunized person:massachusetts,2013[J].Morbidity and mortality weekly report,2015,64(16):435-438.
[16] KORTEPETER M G,MARTIN J W,RUSNAK J M,et al.Managing potential laboratory exposure to Ebola virus by using a patient biocontainment care unit[J].Emerging infectious diseases,2008,14(6):881-887.
[17] LIM P L,KURUP A,GOPALAKRISHNA G,et al.Laboratory acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome[J].New England journal of medicine,2004,350(17):1740-1745.
[18] 张彦国.WHO《实验室生物安全手册》(第4版草案)简介[J].暖通空调，2020,50(6):81-85.
Development process and enlightenment of Laboratory biosafety manual by WHO
Abstract: This paper presents the development process of Laboratory biosafety manual issued by World Health Organization, studies its revision ideas and development trends, and discusses the development path of China's biosafety laboratory construction and related standards from four aspects: risk management, sustainable development, biosafety culture and intelligent development, so as to provide references for the construction of biosafety laboratory and the formulation and revision of relevant standards in China.
Keywords: laboratory; biosafety; manual; development; risk assessment;
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