美国《微生物和生物医学实验室生物安全》发展历程及其启示
摘要：介绍了美国《微生物和生物医学实验室生物安全》的发展历程，研究了其修订思路和发展趋势。重点从生物安全原则、生物安全分级、可持续实验室、大规模生物安全4个方面探讨了我国实验室生物安全建设发展路径，为我国生物安全实验室建设及相关标准制订、修订提供参考。
关键词：微生物学生物医学实验室生物安全风险评估标准
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参考文献[1] 赵添羽，何蕊，张连祺，等.国外高等级生物安全实验室管理政策制度现状与启示[J].暖通空调，2022,52(5):80-84.
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[6] World Health Organization.Laboratory biosafety manual (fourth edition)[EB/OL].[2022-03-12].https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/337956/9789240011311-eng.pdf?sequence=1&is Allowed=y.
[7] 中国合格评定国家认可中心.实验室生物安全通用要求：GB 19489—2008[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2008:7-11,23-24.
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[2] U.S.Centers for Disease Control,National Institutes of Health.Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories[M].Washington:HHS Publication,1984:1-3.
[3] U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,National Institutes of Health.Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories[M].4th ed.Washington:HHS Publication,1999:1-7.
[4] U.S.Department of Health and Human Services.Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories[M].5th ed.Washington:HHS Publication,2009:1-6.
[5] U.S.Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories(6th edition)[EB/OL].[2022-01-19].https://www.cdc.gov/labs/BMBL.html.
[6] World Health Organization.Laboratory biosafety manual (fourth edition)[EB/OL].[2022-03-12].https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/337956/9789240011311-eng.pdf?sequence=1&is Allowed=y.
[7] 中国合格评定国家认可中心.实验室生物安全通用要求：GB 19489—2008[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2008:7-11,23-24.
[8] 中国建筑科学研究院.生物安全实验室建筑技术规范：GB 50346—2011[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2012:5-9,32.
Development process and enlightenment of Biosafety in microbiologicaland biomedical laboratories in the United States
Abstract: This paper presents the development process of Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories in the United States, studies its revision thoughts and development trends, and discusses the development path of laboratory biosafety construction in China from four main aspects: biosafety principles, biosafety classification, sustainable laboratories and large-scale biosafety, so as to provide references for biosafety laboratory construction and the formulation and revision of related standards in China.
Keywords: microbiology; biomedicine; laboratory; biosafety; risk assessment; standard;
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