人机合作设计范式下的结构设计表达
引用文献：
刘鹏. 人机合作设计范式下的结构设计表达[J]. 建筑结构，2022，48（02）：1-9，27.
LIU Peng. Structural design representation in human-machine partnership design paradigm[J]. Building Structure，2022,48（02）：1-9，27.
摘要：在应对气候变化、建筑形式和功能发展以及数字化变革的大环境下，结构工程不断面临新的挑战，迫切需要发展相应的设计理论与设计方法。在设计过程中结构设计与建筑设计是前后相承、相互关联而又互有影响的关系。在回顾了过往的结构设计表达形式后，认为新的设计场景下的结构设计工作将从计算机辅助设计走向人机合作设计范式，并提出了适合此范式的结构设计表达框架，即结合参数化几何和结构体系元参数，以有向无环图为基本数据结构建立的参数化模型。这种表达框架既可以描述对结构体系自上而下分解的一般设计过程，也可以引入自下而上的涌现式创新设计，并且进一步与结构设计及优化算法结合，带来强大的工作能力。介绍了这种参数化的设计表达在北京中信大厦、北京某办公楼和拉萨贡嘎机场新航站楼屋顶结构设计中的应用。
关键词：结构设计，设计表达，参数化，优化算法，人工智能
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[2] 帕特里克·舒马赫，郑蕾.从类型学到拓扑学：社会、空间及结构[J].建筑学报，2017(11):9-13.
[3] MACDONALD ANGUS J.Structure and architecture[M].Oxford:Architectural Press,2001.
[4] 何政，来潇.参数化结构设计基本原理、方法及应用[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2019.
[5] RAMIREZ CARLOS,VALDES BENJAMIN.A general knowledge representation model of concepts[C]//Advances in Knowledge Representation.Intechopen,2012.
[6] WOODBURY ROBERT.Elements of parametric design[M].New York:Routledge,2010.
[7] AISH ROBERT,WOODBURY ROBERT.Multi-level interaction in parametric design,lecture notes in computer science,smart graphicns [C]//5th International Symposium,SG 2005.Frauenwörth Cloister,2005:22-24.
[8] JANSSEN PATRICK,STOUFFS RUDI.Types of parametric modelling [C]//Emerging experience in past,present and future of digital architecture,proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-aided Architectural Design Research in Asia.Hong Kong:The Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia ,2015.
[9] VDI.3D product modelling:VDI 2209 [S].Düsseldorf :Verein Deutscher Ingenieure ,2009.
[10] 刘鹏.高层结构优化设计：一个语法表达的原型系统及基于遗传算法的实现[D].上海：同济大学，2000.
[11] HARDING JOHN,SHEPHERD PAUL.Meta-parametric design [J].Design Studies,2016,52:73-95.
[12] OVAL ROBERT.Topology finding of patterns for structural design[D].Paris:École des Ponts Paris Tech,2019.
[13] CHAN CHUN MAN ,LIU PENG.Design optimisation of practical tall concrete buildings using hybrid optimality criteria and genetic algorithms [C]//Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering.California:ICCCBE-VIII,2000.
[14] ALTAIR.Hyperworks 13.0 hyperstudy user guide[M].Troy:Altair Engineering Co.,2014.
[15] LIAO WENJIE,LU XINZHENG,HUANG YULI,et al.Automated structural design of shear wall residential buildings using generative adversarial networks[J].Automation in Construction,2021,132:103931.
[16] BALL JONATHAN.The double diamond:a universally accepted depiction of the design process[EB/OL].[2021-11-18].https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/news-opinion/double-diamond-universally-accepted-depiction-design-process.
[17] XIE YINMIN,ZUO ZHIHAO,HUANG X,et al.Architecture and urban design through evolutionary structural optimisation algorithms [C]//Proceedings of the International Symposium on Algorithmic Design for Architecture and Urban Design.Tokyo:Algode,2011.
[18] 程煜，刘鹏，DOROTHEE CITERNE,等.结构参数化设计在北京CBD核心区Z15地块中国尊大楼中的应用[J].建筑结构，2014,44(24):9-14.
[19] 程煜，苏国柱，刘浩，等.拉萨贡嘎机场T3航站楼结构设计[J].建筑结构，2022,52(2):57-62.
Structural design representation in human-machine partnership design paradigm
Abstract: The ever-changing outer environment has posed new challenges to structural engineering, including the climate change, the development in architectural typology and functionality, and the digital transformation.It is urgent to develop corresponding design theory and design method. The relationship between the structural design and the architectural design is forminga consequential, consecutive and interactive during the design process. Based on the review on the existing structural design representations, it is deemed that the structural engineering is changing gradually from computer-assisted design to a human-machine partnership design paradigm under the new design circumstance. A structural design representation framework under this paradigmwas thereafter proposed, i.e. a parametric model based on directed acyclic graph(DAG) data structure which combines the parametric geometry and the meta-parametric representation of structural systems. This expression framework can not only describe the general design process of top-down decomposition of structural system, but also introduce bottom-up emergent innovation design. The integration of this design representation further combined with structural design and optimization algorithm can bring powerful working ability. The application of this structural representation in CITIC Tower Beijing, an office tower in Beijing and Lhasa Gongga airport terminal roof were introduced.
Keywords: structural design; design representation; parametric; optimization algorithm; artificial intelligence
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