农村居民自建住房抗震鉴定加固探讨

作者：张玉梅

单位：中国建筑标准设计研究院有限公司

摘要：主要介绍农村居民自建住房中常见的一、二层砌体结构、木结构住宅抗震鉴定加固的步骤、内容及注意事项。鉴定内容涉及后续使用年限的确定、技术资料的收集、建筑现状调查、建筑场地调查、砌体结构房屋构造措施及外观和内在质量检查、木结构房屋构造鉴定及外观质量检查。阐述了基础裂损、承载力不足、基础底面积不足三种情况的加固。针对砌体结构加固，介绍了钢筋网砂浆面层加固、增设抗震墙加固、外加圈梁钢筋混凝土柱加固、钢筋混凝土板墙加固四种方法。针对木结构的加固，介绍了加固原则、加固顺序、木构架加固、木构件的加固及维护砖墙加固。

关键词：农村居民自建住房；抗震鉴定；加固；砌体结构；木结构

作者简介：张玉梅，学士，高级工程师，一级注册结构工程师，主要从事抗震加固及建筑改造方面的研究，Email:1321656830@qq.com。
基金： -页码-：107-110，16

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参考文献[1] 建筑抗震设计规范：GB 50011—2010[S].2016年版.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2016.
[2] 建筑抗震鉴定标准：GB 50023—2009[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2009.
[3] 镇(乡)村建筑抗震技术规程：JGJ 161—2008[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2008.
[4] 张熙光，王骏孙，刘惠珊，等.建筑抗震鉴定加固手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001.
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Discussion on seismic appraisal and reinforcement of self-built houses by rural residents

ZHANG Yumei

(China Institute of Building Standard Design & Research)

Abstract: The steps, contents and precautions of seismic appraisal and reinforcement of the common one and two stories masonry structures and wooden structures in the self-built houses by rural residents were mainly introduced. The appraisal content involves the determination of the follow-up service life, the collection of technical data, the investigation of building status, the investigation of the construction site, structural measures, appearance and internal quality inspection of masonry structure houses, structural appraisal and appearance quality inspection of wood structure houses. The reinforcement of three situations of foundation cracking, insufficient bearing capacity and insufficient foundation bottom area were expounded. For the reinforcement of masonry structures, four methods were introduced, including reinforced mesh mortar surface layer reinforcement, additional anti-seismic wall reinforcement, additional external ring beam reinforced concrete column reinforcement, and reinforced concrete slab wall reinforcement. For the reinforcement of wood structures, the reinforcement principle, reinforcement sequence, wood frame reinforcement, wood component reinforcement, and maintenance brick walls reinforcement were introduced.

Keywords: self-built house by rural resident; seismic appraisal; reinforcement; masonry structure; wood structure

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