太空3D打印
摘要：如果说第一次太空竞赛的高潮是美国宇航员的月球行走，那么第二次太空竞赛就是在月球上建造一座建筑物。本文主要介绍了两个竞争机构寻求在月球和火星上进行3D打印结构的提案。其中一组是由南加州大学的建筑师和工程师组成，使用轮廓工艺（Contour Crafting）技术并由美国国家航空航天局（NASA）资助；另一组则是主张采用D-shape技术的某财团，由欧洲航天局资助。本文比较并对比了这两种不同举措的各自优点，并考虑了其它在太空中进行3D打印的策略。
关键词：3D打印 风化层 栖居地 真空环境 水 引力
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参考文献[1] Zubrin R, Wagner R, McKay C P. The case for mars:The plan to settle the red planet and why we must[M]. New York:Free Press, 2011.
[2] Heiken G, Vaniman D, French B, et al. Lunar sourcebook:A user's guide to the moon[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1991.
[3] Philip F. Y, Neil L. Fabricating the future[M]. Shanghai:Tongji University Press, 2012:114-115.
[4] Leach N, Carlson A, Khoshnevis B, et al. Robotic construction by contour crafting:The case of lunar construction[J]. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 2012, 10(3):423-438.
[5] Loura Hall. 3D printing:Food in space[EB/OL]. https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/home/feature_3d_food.html, 2013-5-23.
[2] Heiken G, Vaniman D, French B, et al. Lunar sourcebook:A user's guide to the moon[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1991.
[3] Philip F. Y, Neil L. Fabricating the future[M]. Shanghai:Tongji University Press, 2012:114-115.
[4] Leach N, Carlson A, Khoshnevis B, et al. Robotic construction by contour crafting:The case of lunar construction[J]. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 2012, 10(3):423-438.
[5] Loura Hall. 3D printing:Food in space[EB/OL]. https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/home/feature_3d_food.html, 2013-5-23.
3D Printing in Space
Abstract: If the first Space Race culminated with American astronauts walking on the Moon, the second Space Race is to construct a building on the Moon. This article describes the proposals by two rival enterprises seeking to 3D printing structures on the Moon and Mars. One was a group of architects and engineers based at the University of Southern California using Contour Crafting technology and funded by NASA. The other was a consortium employing D-Shape technology and funded by the European Space Agency. This article compares and contrasts the respective merits of these two different initiatives. It also considers other strategies for 3D printing in Space.
Keywords: 3D printing; regolith; habitat; vacuum; water; gravity;
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