净零能耗建筑的未来意义及其实施路径
摘要：为了应对全球气候变化，减少温室气体排放、节约化石能源利用，实现人类生存环境的可持续发展已成为共识，绿色建筑、绿色生态城区建设已成为必然趋势。然而，建筑与城市领域的能耗和碳排放的占比仍然高居不下。建筑节能、净零能耗建筑甚至产能建筑的新技术在不断涌现和升级，如何将这些技术尽快在建设领域推广实施，并在实施过程中总结经验，以完善适应各类气候条件和地理条件下的建筑和城市建设的绿色技术？通过梳理绿色建筑领域建筑节能最新技术发展，分析目前绿色技术推广过程中的阻力和瓶颈，提出绿色技术的未来目标和愿景，以及建设净零能耗建筑的作用和意义。在此基础上，提出建设净零能耗建筑和城区的实施路径和技术路线图。
关键词：绿色建筑 建筑节能 绿色生态城区 净零能耗建筑
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[6] UK Green building council[EB/OL]. http://www.ukgbc.org/, 2011-10-27.
[7]徐伟,孙德宇,路菲，等.近零能耗建筑定义及指标体系研究进展[J].建筑科学, 2018, 34(4):1-9.
[8] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.住房城乡建设部关于印发建筑节能与绿色建筑发展“十三五”规划的通知[EB/OL]. http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/wjfb/201703/t20170314_230978.html,2017-3-1.
[9]徐伟.迈向零能耗建筑的技术与实践[J].中国建筑金属结构,2016(1):30-34.
[10] Brundtland G H. Report of the world commission on Environment and development:"Our common future"[M].New York:United Nations, 1987.
[11] Kibert C J. Sustainable construction:Green building design and delivery[M]. Hoboken:John Wiley&Sons, 2016.
[12] Yudelson J. Green building A to Z:Understanding the language of green building[M]. Gabriola Island:New Society Publishers, 2007.
[13] Economidou M, Atanasiu B, Despret C, et al. Europe’s buildings under the microscope:A country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings[R]. Europe:Buildings Performance Institute Europe, 2011.
[14] Arena L, Faakye O. EcoVillage:A net zero energy ready community[EB/OL].http://www.osti.gov/bridge,2015-02.
[15] Shrestha P P, Pushpala N. Green and non-green school buildings:an empirical comparison of construction cost and schedule[C]//Construction Research Congress2012:Construction Challenges in a Flat World. Reston, VA:American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012:1820-1829.
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[17] Kats G. Greening America’s schools[EB/OL]. http://www.greenbuildingpages.com/KatzGreenSchools.pdf,2006-10.
[18] Torcellini P, Pless S, Deru M, et al. Zero E nergy Buildings:A critical look at the definition[R]. United States:National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL), 2006.
[19] Kim J L, Greene M, Kim S. Cost comparative analysis of a new green building code for residential project development[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2014,140(5).
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[21]姚瑶.基于全生命期的绿色建筑增量成本与增量效益研究[J].城市建设理论研究(电子版)，2016,22:84-86.
[22]李菊，孙大明.住宅建筑绿色生态技术增量成本统计分析[J].住宅科技，2008(8):19-22.
[23]陈向国，徐伟.建筑节能的发展目标是近零能耗[J].节能与环保，2015,256(10):18-25.
[24]住房城乡建设部、财政部联合发布《关于加快推动我国绿色建筑发展的实施意见》[J].城市规划通讯，2012(10):7.
[25]张时聪，徐伟，姜益强，等.国际典型“零能耗建筑”示范工程技术路线研究[J].暖通空调，2014(1):52-59.
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[36] D'Agostino D, Parker D. A framework for the costoptimal design of nearly zero energy buildings(NZEBs)in representative climates across Europe[J]. Energy, 2018,149:814-829.
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[38] Jia M, Srinivasan R S, Raheem A A. From occupancy to occupant behavior:An analytical survey of data acquisition technologies, modeling methodologies and simulation coupling mechanisms for building energy efficiency[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017, 68:525-540.
[39] Elliott D. Renewables[M]. Bristol:IOP Publishing, 2013.
[40] Silva P C P, Almeida M, Bragança L, et al. Development of prefabricated retrofit module towards nearly zero energy buildings[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2013, 56:115-125.
[41] Nandi S K, Ghosh H R. Prospect of wind–PV-battery hybrid power system as an alternative to grid extension in Bangladesh[J]. Energy, 2010, 35(7):3040-3047.
[42] Beaudin M, Zareipour H, Schellenberglabe A, et al.Energy storage for mitigating the variability of renewable electricity sources:An updated review[J]. Energy for sustainable development, 2010, 14(4):302-314.
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[45] Kousksou T, Bruel P, Jamil A, et al. Energy storage:applications and challenges[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2014, 120:59-80.
[46] Vieira F M, Moura P S, de Almeida A T. Energy storage system for self-consumption of photovoltaic energy in residential zero energy buildings[J]. Renewable Energy,2017, 103:308-320.
[47] Gonchar J.The house handel architects[J].Architectural Record, 2017, 205(11):140-144.
[48] Stephens S. The bridge by Weiss/Manfredi at Cornell Tech[J]. Architectural Record, 2017, 205(11):134-139.
The Future Significance and Implementation Path of Net-Zero Energy Buildings(NZEB)
Abstract: To cope with global climate change, it has become a shared understanding to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, conserve fossil energy use, and realize the sustainable development of the human living environment. Green building, green ecological urban construction has become an inevitable trend. However, the share of energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction and urban sectors remains high. New technologies for building energy-saving, net-zero energy buildings, and even energy-plus buildings are continually emerging and upgraded. How can these technologies be extended and implemented in construction as soon as possible, and experience sourcing in the implementation process to improve the green technologies for building and urban construction adapted to various climatic conditions and geographical conditions? This paper analyzes the resistance and bottlenecks in the current process of green technology promotion by combing the latest technology development of building energy conservation in the field of green buildings, puts forward the future goals and vision of green technology, and the role and significance of net-zero energy buildings(NZEB) in the process. The implementation path and technical road map for building net-zero-energy buildings and urban areas are put forward on this basis.
Keywords: green building; building energy saving; green eco city; Net-Zero Energy Building(NZEB);
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