基于PM2.5浓度复原数据的建筑自然通风量测量方法
摘要：自然通风是一种常见且重要的通风方式，对于建筑能耗和室内空气质量都有重要影响。自然通风量的测量一般需要使用特定的示踪气体或利用人体释放的CO2,可操作性和准确性较差。本文提出了基于PM2.5浓度复原数据的建筑自然通风量测量方法。通过开启、关闭空气净化器控制室内PM2.5浓度的升降，利用浓度上升段和下降段的数据，结合质量平衡方程，同时得到建筑房间自然通风量和空气净化器的洁净空气输送速率RCAD。模拟验证了该方法的有效性，并在2个不同地点评估了方法的实用性，与传统的CO2浓度衰减法测量的自然通风量对比，PM2.5浓度复原法的相对误差分别为19.4%与20.3%,2组实验测量的RCAD值相对误差为22.1%。该方法较好地弥补了现有自然通风量测量方法的不足，不需要使用额外的示踪气体，操作简单易行，可以用于实际条件下建筑物自然通风量的测量和空气净化器的RCAD值校核。
关键词：自然通风量示踪气体空气净化器洁净空气输送速率浓度复原浓度衰减
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[2] NAZAROFF W W.Residential air-change rates:a critical review[J].Indoor air,2021,31(2):282- 313.
[3] LI A G,HOU Y C,YANG J.Attached ventilation based on a curved surface wall[J].Building simulation,2019,12(3):505- 515.
[4] QIAN M Y,YAN D,AN J J,et al.Evaluation of thermal imbalance of ground source heat pump systems in residential buildings in China[J].Building simulation,2020,13(3):585- 598.
[5] SANTOS H R R,LEAL V M S.Energy vs.ventilation rate in buildings:a comprehensive scenario-based assessment in the European context[J].Energy and buildings,2012,54:111- 121.
[6] RENBOURN E T,ANGUS T C,ELLISON J M K,et al.The measurement of domestic ventilation:an experimental and theoretical investigation with particular reference to the use of carbon dioxide as a tracer substance[J].Journal of hygiene,1949,47(1):1- 38.
[7] SHERMAN M H.Tracer-gas techniques for measuring ventilation in a single zone[J].Building and environment,1990,25(4):365- 374.
[8] 陈宇红，陈永良，王倩雪，等.我国自然通风住宅通风换气情况调查与研究[J].暖通空调，2020,50(12):85- 88,19.
[9] 葛凤华.地下停车库通风研究[D].长春：吉林大学，2007:46- 50.
[10] OHLSSON K E A,YANG B,EKBLAD A,et al.Stable carbon isotope labelled carbon dioxide as tracer gas for air change rate measurement in a ventilated single zone[J].Building and environment,2017,115:173- 181.
[11] CHENG P L,LI X F.Air infiltration rates in the bedrooms of 202 residences and estimated parametric infiltration rate distribution in Guangzhou,China[J].Energy and buildings,2018,164:219- 225.
[12] 李晓锋，朱颖心.示踪气体浓度衰减法在民用建筑自然通风研究中的应用[J].暖通空调，1997,27(4):7- 10.
[13] 葛凤华，刘春菊，于秋生，等.居室热压自然通风应用探讨[J].暖通空调，2010,40(4):97- 100.
[14] HOU J,ZHANG Y F,SUN Y X,et al.Air change rates at night in northeast Chinese homes[J].Building and environment,2018,132:273- 281.
[15] PERSILY A K.Field measurement of ventilation rates[J].Indoor air,2016,26(1):97- 111.
[16] QI M W,LI X F,WESCHLER L B,et al.CO2 generation rate in Chinese people[J].Indoor air,2014,24(6):559- 566.
[17] MLECZKOWSKA A,STROJECKI M,BRATASZ Ł,et al.Particle penetration and deposition inside historical churches[J].Building and environment,2016,95:291- 298.
[18] HAN Y,QI M,CHEN Y,et al.Influences of ambient air PM2.5 concentration and meteorological condition on the indoor PM2.5 concentrations in a residential apartment in Beijing using a new approach[J].Environmental pollution,2015,205:307- 314.
[19] ZHOU Z,LIU Y,YUAN J,et al.Indoor PM2.5 concentrations in residential buildings during a severely polluted winter:a case study in Tianjin,China[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2016,64:372- 381.
[20] PENG C H,NI P Y,XI G N,et al.Evaluation of particle penetration factors based on indoor PM2.5 removal by an air cleaner[J].Environmental science and pollution research,2020,27(8):8395- 8405.
[21] SHI Y C,LI X F,LI H R.A new method to assess infiltration rates in large shopping centers[J].Building and environment,2017,119:140- 152.
[22] NI P Y,JIN H C,WANG X L,et al.A new method for measurement of air change rate based on indoor PM2.5 removal[J].International journal of environmental science and technology,2018,15(12):2561- 2568.
[23] LIU C,JI S Y,ZHOU F J,et al.A new PM2.5-based CADR method to measure air infiltration rate of buildings[J].Building simulation,2021,14(3):693- 700.
[24] JI W J,ZHAO B.Contribution of outdoor-originating particles,indoor-emitted particles and indoor secondary organic aerosol (SOA) to residential indoor PM2.5 concentration:a model-based estimation[J].Building and environment,2015,90:196- 205.
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Natural ventilation measurement method of buildings based on PM2.5 concentration recovery data
Abstract: Natural ventilation is a common and important ventilation method, which has an important impact on both building energy consumption and indoor air quality. The measurement of natural ventilation generally requires the use of specific tracer gases or CO2 released by the human body, which is less operable and accurate. This study proposes a measurement method for natural ventilation of buildings based on PM2.5 concentration recovery data. By turning on and off an air purifier, the rise and fall of indoor PM2.5 concentration are controlled, and the data of the rising and falling sections of the concentration are used to combine the mass balance equation to obtain the natural ventilation volume of the building room and the clean air delivery rate(RCAD)of the air purifier. Numerical simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of the method, and two experimental cases are conducted to evaluate the proposed method by comparing it with the traditional CO2 concentration decay method. The results show that the relative errors of the PM2.5 concentration recovery method are 19.4% and 20.3%, respectively, and the relative error of the RCAD value measured by the two experimental groups is 22.1%. This method makes up the shortcomings of the existing natural ventilation measurement methods, does not need to use specific tracer gas, and is easy to operate. It can be used to measure the natural ventilation of buildings and verify the RCAD value of air purifiers under actual conditions.
Keywords: natural ventilation rate; tracer gas; air purifier; clean air delivery rate; concentration recovery; concentration decay;
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