3D打印技术及其在超高层建筑应用的可行性分析
摘要：收集了国内外31个机构所采用的3D打印设备及工艺，分析了3D打印设备及工艺特点。基于统计分析结果，给出了3D打印在建筑工程中的分阶段应用技术路线，包括打印异形非承重结构、复杂模板及节点、轻质承重结构、异形房屋和异形建(构)筑物。以高层、超高层建筑为研究对象，介绍了爬升式和落地式造楼装备的结构原理，提出了3D打印设备发展的技术方案，即3D打印设备与现有造楼装备集成和开发新型3D打印设备；分析了3D打印技术在超高层建筑工程应用的可行性和挑战。
关键词：超高层建筑；3D打印技术；造楼装备；3D打印结构；3D打印工艺
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[2] LIM S,BUSWELL R A,LE T T,et al.Developments in construction-scale additive manufacturing processes[J].Automation in Construction,2012,21:262-268.
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[4] MECHTCHERINE V,NERELLA V N,WILL F,et al.Large-scale digital concrete construction-CONPrint3D concept for on-site,monolithic 3D-printing[J].Automation in Construction,2019,107:102933.
[5] ZHANG J,KHOSHNEVIS B.Optimal machine operation planning for construction by Contour Crafting[J].Automation in Construction,2013,29:50-67.
[6] KEATING S J,LELAND J C,CAI L,et al.Toward site-specific and self-sufficient robotic fabrication on architectural scales[J].Science Robotics,2017,2(5):eaam8986.
[7] CESARETTI G,DINI E,DE KESTELIER X et al.Building components for an outpost on the Lunar soil by means of a novel 3D printing technology[J].Acta Astronautica,2014,93:430-450.
[8] JOOSTEN S K.Printing a stainless steel bridge:an exploration of structural properties of stainless steel additive manufactures for civil engineering purposes[D].Delft:Delft University of Technology,2015.
[9] WANG L X,DU W F,HE P F,et al.Topology optimization and 3D printing of three-branch joints in treelike structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2020,146(1):04019167.
[10] BUCHANAN C,GARDNER L.Metal 3D printing in construction:a review of methods,research,applications,opportunities and challenges[J].Engineering Structures,2019,180:332-348.
[11] NABONI R,KUNIC A,BRESEGHELLO L.Computational design,engineering and manufacturing of a material-efficient 3D printed lattice structure[J].International Journal of Architectural Computing,2020,18(4):404-423.
[12] IZARD J B,DUBOR A,HERVÉ P E,et al.Large-scale 3D printing with cable-driven parallel robots[J].Construction Robotics,2017,1:69-76.
[13] ANTON A,REITER L,WANGLER T,et al.A 3D concrete printing prefabrication platform for bespoke columns[J].Automation in Construction,2021,122:103467.
[14] DE SCHUTTER S,LESAGE K,MECHTCHERINE V,et al.Vision of 3D printing with concrete—technical,economic and environmental potentials[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2018,112:25-36.
[15] SALET T A M,AHMED Z Y,BOS F P,et al.Design of a 3D printed concrete bridge by testing[J].Virtual and Physical Prototyping,2018,13(3):222-236.
[16] VANTYGHEM G,DE CORTE W,SHAKOUR E,et al.3D printing of a post-tensioned concrete girder designed by topology optimization[J].Automation in Construction,2020,112:103084.
[17] 陈晓明，陆承麟，龚明，等.超大尺度高分子复合材料3D打印技术研发与应用[J].施工技术(中英文),2021,50(21):41-45,63.
[18] FELDMANN M,KÜHNE R,CITARELLI S,et al.3D-Drucken im Stahlbau mit dem automatisierten Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing [J].Stahlbau,2019,88(3):203-213.
[19] WU H,LIEW A,VAN MELE T,et al.Analysis and optimisation of a rib-stiffened vaulted floor for dynamic performance[J].Engineering Structures,2020,213:110577.
[20] LOWKE D,DINI E,PERROT A,et al.Particle-bed 3D printing in concrete construction-possibilities and challenges [J].Cement and Concrete Research,2018,112:50-65.
[21] Soon to be constructed:world’s first 3D printed high-rise building[EB/OL].[2021.12.14].https://www.adgeco.com/soon-constructed-worlds-first-3d-printed-high-rise-building.
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3D printing technology and feasibility analysis of its application in super high-rise buildings
Abstract: The equipment and processes of 3 D printing used by 31 institutions at home and abroad were collected, the characteristics of 3 D printing equipment and processes were analyzed. Based on the results of statistics and analysis, the technical route for phased application of 3 D printing in building engineering was given, including printing special-shaped non-load-bearing structures, complex formwork and joints, light-weight load-bearing structures, special-shaped house and buildings or structures. Based on the research objects of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, the structural principles of climbing and floor-standing building machine were introduced. Technical solutions for the development of 3 D printing equipment were proposed, that is, the integration of 3 D printing equipment with existing building machine and the development of new 3 D printing equipment. The feasibility and challenges of the application of construction 3 D printing technology in super high-rise projects were discussed.
Keywords: super high-rise building; 3D printing technology; building machine; 3D printed structure; 3D printing process
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