基于中、美、德三国规范的大型汽轮机弹性基础动力响应对比分析
摘要：目前各国规范中对于汽轮机弹性基础动力响应计算的规定并不相同。以某大型汽轮机弹性基础结构为研究对象，对比分析了中国《动力机器基础设计规范》(GB 50040—96)(简称中国动力规范)、中国《汽轮发电机组弹簧隔振基础设计规程》(T/CSEE 0067—2018)(简称中国隔振规程)、美国《大型汽轮发电机基座设计导则》(ASCE)(简称美国设计导则)、德国《动力设备基础设计标准》(DIN 4024)(简称德国设计标准)4本规范转子激励扰力取值、结构阻尼比取值、结构动力响应及其隔振效率的区别。结果表明4本规范转子竖向和横向扰力幅值取值相同，但大小不同；阻尼比取值中国动力规范最大，其次为中国隔振规程，美国设计导则与德国设计标准相同且最小；弹性基础动力响应变化趋势一致，但响应幅值不一，在稳态阶段竖向峰值位移由大到小依次为美国设计导则、中国动力规范、德国设计标准和中国隔振规程；隔振效率4本规范的理论和数值计算结果均达到90%以上，其中中国动力规范稍小、理论计算结果较数值计算结果偏大。
关键词：汽轮机，弹性基础，规范对比，动力响应，隔振效率
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Comparative analysis of dynamic response of large steam turbine elastic foundation based on Chinese, American and Germany standards
Abstract: At present, the regulations on the calculation of the elastic foundation dynamic response of steam turbines are not the same in various national codes. The elastic foundation structure of a large steam turbine was took as the research object, rotor excitation disturbance force value, structural damping ratio selection value, structure dynamic response and its vibration isolation efficiency of Chinese Power Machinery Foundation Design Code(GB 50040—96)(referred to as Chinese dynamic code),Chinese Spring Vibration Isolation Foundation Design Code of Steam Turbine Generator Set(T/CSEE 0067—2018)(referred to as Chinese vibration isolation code), American Large Steam Turbine Generator Base Design Guidelines(ASCE)(referred to as the American design guide), Germany Power Equipment Basic Design Standard(DIN 4024)(referred to as the Germany design standard) four regulations were compared and analyzed. The results show that the rotor vertical and lateral disturbance amplitude values of the four regulations are the same, but the magnitudes are different. The damping ratio is the largest in Chinese dynamic code, followed by the Chinese vibration isolation code, and the American design guide are the same as the Germany design standard and the smallest. The dynamic response of the elastic foundation has the same changing trend, but the response amplitude is different. The magnitude of the vertical peak displacement in the steady-state phase is descending order of the American design guide, the Chinese dynamic code, the Germany design standard and the Chinese vibration isolation code; the four regulations of vibration isolation efficiency on the theoretical and numerical calculation results both reached more than 90%. Among them, the Chinese dynamic code is slightly smaller, and the theoretical calculation results are larger than the numerical calculation results.
Keywords: steam turbine; elastic foundation; specification comparison; dynamic response; vibration isolation efficiency
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