地铁车站客流特征及其对人员空调负荷的影响
摘要：乘客停留时间为地铁车站空调系统设计中人员空调负荷及新风负荷的计算参数，计算时该停留时间一般按静态估计值选取，使得站内逐时人员空调负荷计算结果不精确，特别是用于指导系统调控策略优化时。实地调研了地铁车站乘客运动状况，发现客流高峰期乘客排队等待时间较长，存在站厅和站台的停留时间随客流量及发车间隔明显变化的特征。采用行人仿真模拟的方法，揭示了不同客流量和发车间隔下乘客在站停留时间及客流分布规律。改进人员空调负荷计算方法后，实际案例表明，在客流高峰时期，分别基于动态与静态乘客在站停留时间的人员空调负荷计算差值达到108.7 kW,相对差值达到79.5%。
关键词：地铁车站停留时间人员空调负荷客流特征客流量发车间隔行人仿真
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Passenger flow characteristics and its impact on personnel air conditioning load in underground railway stations
Abstract: The passenger stay duration is a key calculation parameter required for personnel air conditioning load and outdoor air load in the air conditioning system design of underground railway stations. Generally, the static estimation value is taken as its value. This may make the calculated hourly personnel air conditioning loads of the station inaccurate, especially when they are used as the base of control strategy optimization of the air conditioning system. The movement situations of passengers in underground railway stations are investigated in the field, and it is found that the long passenger waiting time appears during peak times and the dwell time in the halls and platforms strongly depends on passenger flow and train departure interval. Pedestrian simulation method is adopted to simulate the passenger stay duration and passenger flow distributions in different cases of passenger flow and train departure interval. The calculation method of personnel air conditioning load is corrected. A case study illustrates that during the peak period of passenger flow, the calculation difference of personnel air conditioning load based on dynamic and static passenger stay time reaches 108.7 kW, and the relative difference reaches 79.5%.
Keywords: underground railway station; stay duration; personnel air conditioning load; passenger flow characteristic; passenger flow; departure interval; pedestrian simulation;
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